【作者】 王秀霞；

【导师】 田其云；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 国际法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球环境问题的日趋严重,生态环境保护问题已日益成为世界各国关注的重要问题,生态环境的国际法保护理论应运而生并在生态环境科学领域和在生态环境法学领域都取得了广泛的理论支持。本论文共分三章。第一章首先运用生态科学和国际法学相关理论论述了对生态环境予以国际法保护的必要性。第二章通过分析目前的国际生态环境保护法律制度及法律实践、并结合目前全球环境现状分析存在的问题,指出目前生态环境国际法保护应有的改良发展,这是本论文的写作目的。第三章论述了中国生态环境保护的国际法律实践问题。在研究方法上,论文采取理论联系实际的研究方法和实证分析、比较研究的方法,通过对现有资料的分析比较和归纳论证得出结论,并结合生态环境国际法保护的现状提出自己的观点。生态环境的国际法保护注重在环境保护的宏观调控原则与制度的制定、各国包括跨国利益集团在生态环境保护上利益与责任的协调与分配、生态环境问题全球技术解决制度的建立、破坏生态环境之国际责任的追究等仅靠单个国家不能完成的方面。论文在总结研究有关生态环境问题资料的基础上,借鉴其他学者在本领域的观点、运用生态学和国际法学相关理论重述了对生态环境予以国际法保护的必要性,并用有关环境纠纷国际法案例进行实证分析,认为在国际学术界及相关领域对生态环境问题的起因和严峻性及对生态环境应予以国际法保护方面已基本达成共识,目前关键的行动是如何切实贯彻落实有关生态环境国际法保护的基本原则和现行基本制度、并与时俱进地发展完善有关生态环境国际法保护的法律制度、以及与时俱进因地制宜地采取保护生态环境的措施。本论文赞同其他学者在有关生态环境国际法保护生态控制等制度方面的观点,在国际环境责任上主张推行无过错责任原则;同时认为在当前生态环境问题极其严峻的形势下在国际生态环境保护法律制度上应以国际强行法规范全面规制国际环境责任如强化责任追究的操作力度、充实责任类型和履行方式等,完善对破坏环境者的国际惩罚措施和责任落实制度,健全履约机制,为实现人类环境权应规制相应的环境义务。在生态环境规划、计划管理方面,鉴于目前的全球生态环境状况,本文主张对联合国管理生态环境问题的机构进行改革以继续发挥其在处理环境问题方面的核心作用。在具体措施上本文赞同开发和运用科学技术保护生态环境,尤其赞同以植物资源应对全球生态环境问题的观点;同时提出应促使新的、更严厉的国际环保法规出台以建立和完善全球生态环境保护法律体系,其中包括签订专门以生态环境的国际法保护为主题的国际公约、对各国城市乡村生态环境的维护和建设也有国际法作出相应规定、将环境保护作为各国及其国民的义务以强行性国际法规范予以规制以及缔结责成跨国公司因其全球扩张而承担相应环境责任的国际公约等。以上是本论文的创新思想和新见解。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with global environment problems being serious gradually, the ecological environment protection has become an important problem with international community concerning increasingly. The theory of the international law protection to ecological environment has emerged with the tide of the times and has obtained extensive theoretical support from the realm of ecosystem environmental science and the ecosystem environmental Law.This thesis have three chapters. Firstly, this thesis discusses the necessity about the international law protection to ecological environment through ecosystem science and international law science.Secondly, this thesis points out the concerned counterplan for improvement and development of the international law protection to ecological environment at the foundation of analyzing current international law systems and law practice of ecological environment protection,analyzing existent problem with combining current global environment actuality meanwhile.This is the purpose of this thesis. Thirdly, this thesis discusses the international law practice of Chinese ecological environment protections. This thesis integrates theory with practice, makes demonstration analyses and studys comparatively; the thesis analyzes and compares the data in existence,puts up epagoges,then educes the conclusion and puts forward personal viewpoints combineing the actuality of international law protection to ecological environment.The international law protection to ecological environment pays attention to the establishment of principles or systems for environmental protection,s macroscopical accommodation and control,to the harmony and allotment of benefits and responsibilities on ecological environment protection for all countries including multinational corporation, to the establishment of ecological environment problem,s global technical solvent system,to pursuing for the international responsibility because of destroying ecological environment etc.and other aspects which are not be accomplished by a single nation only.The thesis iterates the necessity about the international law protection to ecological environment in using ecosystem science and international law science through the data about ecological environment problems and using other scholars, viewpoints in this realm for reference.At the same time this thesis makes demonstration analyses to the environment dissension,s international law cases,it figures out that the aspects including ecological environment problem,s origins and rigourism as well as the necessity about the international law protection to ecological environment have reached to consensus basically.Now the pivotal actions are how to carry out the basic principles and the present systems about the international law protection to ecological environment actually, how to develop and perfect legal system on the international law protection to ecological environment getting along with times,how to take steps to protect ecological environment getting along with times and adjusting measures to local conditions too.This thesis agrees with other scholars, viewpoints on the international law protection to ecological environment,claims to push an responsibility principle without fault for international environment obligations. This thesis protests simultaneously that the legal system of protections to international ecological environment should regularize comprehensively international environment responsibility as ecological environment problems being very rigorous at current time,such as consolidating operating strength on running responsibility and enriching responsibility types and enriching responsibility implementation ways etc.This thesis protests that the legal system of protections to international ecological environment should consummate international punishment measures to the people who have destroyed ecological environment and fulfilling responsibility systems,strengthen mechanism of fulfilling contract too, and should regularize corresponding environment obligations in order to realize human environment rights.At the aspect of ecological environment,s programming and plan, this thesis proposes to reform U.N.,s institution which supervises ecological environment problems owing to the current status of global ecological environment in order to exert continuously core effect on dealing with environmental problems.On the concrete measures, this thesis agrees with empoldering and using technology to protect ecological environment, especially agrees with the point of view in using plant resources to cope with global ecological environment problems. The thesis puts forward simultaneously that new and more scathing international laws of environmental protections should be urged to come on in order to constitute and perfect global ecological environment,s legal system, including signing a special pact to protect ecological environment in international law,taking environmental protections as all countries, and theirs people,s obligations which be ordained in constrained international criterion, and forming international pact concerning running MNC,s related responsibility for its global outspread etc.These opinions discussed hereinbefore are innovatory views of this thesis.更多还原