【作者】 郭巍；

【导师】 殷红；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 气象学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 平流层臭氧层的变薄导致地球表面的UV-B辐射增强产生的生物学和生态学效应是人们关心的热点问题。本试验以粳稻品种沈农6014及沈农265为试验材料,采用盆栽方法,研究UV-B辐射增强对水稻的生长发育、生理生化、产量品质等方面的影响。试验设3个光处理,分别为自然光照(TCK)处理、紫外辐射增强5%(T1)和紫外辐射增强10%(T2)处理。试验结果表明:1.对水稻生长发育和产量的影响:增强的UV-B辐射能够降低水稻的叶龄、分蘖数、干物重、产量及产量构成因素,增加株高、叶片厚度,使叶面积先降低后增加,并影响了干物重的分配情况,UV-B辐射在T2处理下的影响强于T1处理。叶龄、分蘖数、干物重、产量及产量构成因素的变化:TcK＞T1＞T2;株高、叶片厚度变化:TCK＜T1＜T2:对叶面积的影响在孕穗期受到的抑制作用最大;成熟期各器官干重占地上部分比例变化情况为:穗干重比例＞茎干重比例＞叶干重比例。沈农6014在生长发育和产量方面对UV-B辐射增强表现出的抗性较强。2.对水稻生理特性的影响:增强的UV-B辐射能够降低水稻的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a/b、净光合速率、光合有效辐射利用量、可溶性蛋白及硝酸还原酶活性,提高类胡萝卜素含量、POD活性。对可溶性糖、SOD、CAT活性的影响为先增大后减少。UV-B辐射在T2处理下的影响强于T1处理。叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素a/b呈TcK＞T1＞T2趋势:类胡萝卜素含量为TcK＜T1＜T2,增大幅度的变化呈先增大再减少的趋势,抽穗期增幅最大;净光合速率、光合有效辐射利用量、可溶性蛋白、硝酸还原酶活性,表现为TcK＞T1＞T2;在抽穗期以前可溶性糖含量表现为TcK＜71＜72,在灌浆和成熟期含量为TcK＞T1＞T2;SOD、CAT活性最大增幅在拔节期,最大降幅在成熟期。沈农6014在生理特性方面对UV-B辐射增强表现出的抗性较强。3.对水稻籽粒品质的影响:增强的UV-B辐射引起水稻籽粒糙米率和整精米率、垩白粒率、籽粒面积、长宽比、白度、脂肪酸含量和食味值的降低,使籽粒中蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量增高。UV-B辐射在T2处理下的影响强于T1处理,且沈农265表现出的抗性较强。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the decreasing of stratospheric ozone layer,subaerial ultraviolet(UV-B)radiation arriving the earth’s surface becomes stronger,whose effect on biology and the ecology effect has become focus of people issues to concern.The effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the growth,physiological response,yield and quality of two rice cultivars (ShenNong 6014 and ShenNong 265)are studied in potted method.There are three treatments which is natural light(TCK),enhanced 5%UV-B radiation(T1)and enhanced 10%UV-B radiation(T2).The results show that:1 Effects on growth and output of rice:Enhanced UV-B radiation decreases leaf age, tiller numbers,dry weight and yield components of rice,but increases leaf thickness,plant height,and makes leaf area first increased after reduce,and also Changes the proportion of dry weight of rice.The effects of T2 is higher than T1.Change of leaf age,tiller numbers, dry weight and yield components office is:TCK＞T1＞T2,then the change of plant height and leaf thickness is:TCK＜T1＜T2,the highest inhibitory action on leaf area is in booting stage,the change situation of dry weight fraction of rice in mature stage is:fringe dry weight proportion＞stem dry weight proportion＞leaf dry weight prportion.The resistance of ShenNong6014 which displays to the UV-B radiation enhancement is strong in the growth and the output aspect.2 Effects on physiological response of rice:Enhanced UV-B radiation decreases chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,ch1 a/b,net photosynthetic rate,PAR,soluble protein and nitrate reductase activity,but increases the content of carotenoid,POD activities,makes soluble sugar,SOD,CAT activities first increased after reduce.The effects of T2 is higher than T1.The change of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chl a/b is TCK＞T1＞T2,content of carotenoid is TCK＜T1＜T2,the tread of increased amplitude is first increased after reduce,the highest increased amplitude is in heading stage,net photosynthetic rate,PAR, change of soluble protein and nitrate reductase activity is TCK＞T1＞T2,content of soluble sugar before heading stage is TCK＜T1＜T2,and is TCK＞T1＞T2 in filling stage and mature stage,the biggest and smallest increased amplitude of SOD,CAT activities appear in jointing stage and mature stage.The resistance of ShenNong6014 which displays to the UV-B radiation enhancement is strong in physiological response aspect.3 Effects on grain quality of rice:Enhanced UV-B radiation increases protein content and amylose content,but decreases the percentage of brown rice,head rice rate,the rate of white rice,grain area,length to width ratio,whiteness,fatty acid contents and eating quality of rice.The effects of T2 is stronger than T1 and the resistance of ShenNong265 which displays to the UV-B radiation enhancement is strong in grain quality aspect.更多还原