【作者】 蔡超；

【导师】 马淼；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 植物学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 新疆沙冬青Ammopiptanthus nanus (M. Pop.) Cheng f.隶属于豆科Leguminosae蝶形花亚科Papilionoideae Taucb沙冬青属Ammopiptanthus Cheng f.,又叫做小沙冬青、新疆沙冬青、矮黄花木,是第三纪古亚热带绿阔叶林的残遗成分,被列为国家二级珍稀濒危植物。研究表明,新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)主要靠种子传播,未发现营养繁殖,是一种专性有性生殖的类型,虽然新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)的成年植株能忍耐大气和土壤的干旱,但是其种子萌发需要充足的水分,而新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)分布区由于长期受干旱少雨多风气候的影响,自然环境极差,常年干旱,年降雨量约100 mm,但是年蒸发量大于2000 mm,导致种子萌发极为困难,是导致分布区逐渐缩小的重要原因之一,因此,开展新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)的无性繁殖研究,对新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)的种群扩大有重要意义。本文采用组织培养的方法,以采自新疆喀什乌恰县康苏镇附近省道192 km处的新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)种子和茎段为研究对象,主要从外植体的消毒、基本培养基的应用、外源激素的使用浓度、影响试管苗生根的主要因子以及试管苗的移栽等几个方面进行了探讨,确定了最佳再生途径。主要结果如:1愈伤组织培养在MS培养基为基本培养基,以新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)的种子萌发5d后的胚轴为材料,接种在附加不同浓度的2,4-D,KT,6-BA和NAA的培养基上,研究了影响新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)胚轴愈伤组织诱导的主要因素。结果表明附加不同激素组合和激素浓度时,有很大的差别,其中2,4-D是诱导新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)胚轴愈伤组织形成的关键因素,2,4-D浓度为1.0 mg/L时效果最佳,愈伤组织的诱导率可以达到96%以上,而KT,6-BA和NAA则没有明显的效果,2,4-D和6-BA的组合则对生物量的增加有明显的作用,在MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.1 mg/L培养基上培养60 d后生物量增加60倍以上。但是没有能够分化出丛芽。2种子苗快速繁殖体系的建立以萌发20d的新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)种子苗,MS培养基为基本培养基,研究了不同激素和不同培养条件对新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)丛芽诱导、腋芽诱导、伸长生长和组培苗生根的影响。结果发现,1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L +IAA 0.3 mg/L培养基和1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L培养基上材料的平均丛芽数最高,为5个以上,但是丛芽难以生根;诱导腋芽最合适的培养基为1/3MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L其腋芽诱导率能到80%以上,接种到生根培养基上以后生根和生长状况均良好;生根培养基以1/3MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L、1/3MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L效果最佳,生根率均在75%以上。由于新疆沙冬青(A. nanus)对贫瘠环境的适应,所以移栽对基质的营养要求不高,但是必须保持基质的透气性,用蛭石作为基质移栽的效果最佳,成活率能达到60%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ammopiptanthus nanus (M. Pop.) Cheng f. which was subordinate to Ammopiptanthus Cheng f. of Papilionoideae Taucb in Leguminosae,also called mini- Ammopiptanthus, dwarf- Ammopiptanthus, dwarf- Piptanthus concolor ,is a peculiar evergreen broadleaf bush and carry-over under the third grade in China.Now the plant is under the third-grade priority protection of the state.The results show that A. nanus rely mainly on seed dispersal and found no vegetative propagation,is a type of sexual reproduction. Although the adult plants of A. nanus can tolerate drought in the atmosphere and soil,its seed germination need plenty of water.Due to the long drought windy weather the impact of climate,there are very poor natural environment,perennial drought,about 100 mm of annual rainfall, however, the evaporation rate is greater than 2000 mm in the distribution area,which lead to seed germination is extremely difficult.It was one of the main reasons that of substantial clauses the distribution area reduces gradually.Therefore, develops the A. nanus the vegetative reproduction research has the important meaninf to the A. nanus population expansion. This article uses the tissue culture, the seed and stem section take picks from the Xinjiang Kashi Wuqia county Kangsu town nearby the provincial road 192 kilometer place as the object of study. Main discussing the basic culture medium application, extraneous source hormone use density, the influence test tube seedling takes root main factor and test tube seedling’s transplanting, had determined regenerates the way best. Main result like:1 callus cultureThe MS culture medium is the basic culture medium, the hypocotyls of after A. nanus seed sprouts 5d was used to the material,inoculate in the culture medium that add different density 2,4-D, KT,6-BA and NAA,which study the main factor of effect of occurrence of callus.The result indicates when the additional different hormone combination and the hormone density, has the very big difference.And 2,4-D is the key aspect in induceing the hypocotyl callus, the 2,4-D density is when 1.0mg/L the effect is best, The inductivity may achieve above 96%,but KT,6-BA and NAA do not have the tangible effect,2,4-D and the 6-BA combination increases to the biomass has the obvious function,after 60 days the biomass increases above 60 times on MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.1 mg/L. But does not have to be able to split up grows thickly the bud.2 Seed seedling fast reproduction system’s establishmentTake seed seedling of sprouts 20 days as the material.The MS culture medium is the basic culture medium, Has studied the sffect of the different hormone and the different raise condition to the A. nanus clump of bud induction,axial bud induction,elongation growth and the group cultivates the seedling to take root.Result discovery that 1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L +IAA the 0.3 mg/L culture medium and 1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+KT 0.1 mg/L on the culture medium material average clumpy buds is highest,up to five,but they take root with difficulty; The induction axial bud most appropriate culture medium is 1/3MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L, Its axial bud inductivity can 80% above, Will vaccinate takes root on the culture medium later to take root with the growth condition to be good;Takes root the culture medium by 1/3MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L, 1/3MS+IBA the 0.5 mg/L effect to be best, Taking root leads above 75%. As a result of A.nauns to barren environment adaptation, Therefore transplants to the matrix nutrition request is not high, But must maintain the matrix the permeability, The effect which transplants as the matrix is best with the vermiculite, The survival rate is up to 60%.更多还原