【作者】 邹爱平；

【导师】 陈志彪；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 以小流域为基本单元进行流域综合管理正在被世界上越来越多的国家所重视。我国是世界上较早开展小流域水土流失综合治理的国家之一,近20年来,由于社会经济的高速发展,开发建设项目大面积扰动土地,形成新的水土流失,出现一方治理,多方破坏的现象,使水土流失状况呈现复杂化、多样化特征。本文基于地形图、SPOT5遥感数据等,综合利用ArcGIS9.0、ArcView3.3、ERDAS IMAGINE8.7、ENVI4.2等软件,采用景观格局分析、传统方法与新技术相结合、理论分析与野外定位观测相结合等方法,对全国30条典型小流域之南方红壤丘陵区的一个典型代表—长汀县朱溪河小流域展开研究,目的是为小流域水土保持行政管理、水土保持规划以及预测预报模型研究提供可借鉴方法。本研究的主要成果包括:1)建立了大比例尺、高精度的朱溪河小流域地理空间数据集,探讨了综合利用不同软件各自优点进行小流域空间数据建立的实用技术与方法。2)详细分析了2000年以来朱溪河小流域土壤侵蚀数量结构与空间位置的演化,得出微度和轻度侵蚀大幅度增加,而中度以上侵蚀明显减少;土壤侵蚀分布总重心向西南偏移;所有高程带、坡度等级和坡向类别上的SEII和SEIC均下降等结论。3)分析了朱溪河小流域侵蚀景观时空格局的变化,得出整体景观向均质化方向发展;不同坡度等级内各景观类型结构变化存在较大差异,其景观空间关系和景观异质性也发生了显著变化;人类活动的干预是小流域侵蚀景观格局动态变化的主要驱动因素。4)监测了2007年游屋圳小流域的水土保持状况,耕地面积约2.05 km~2,土壤侵蚀面积约5.32 km~2,累计综合治理面积约5.28 km~2,植被覆盖度达55%。更多还原

【Abstract】 A small watershed as the basic unit for integrated watershed management is being recognized and introduced by more and more countries. In recent 20 years, due to the rapid development of socioeconomic situation, large area of land is destroyed by exploitation projects, therefore, new soil erosion occurs, and the complexity and diversity of soil erosion presents. Based on the topographic contour map (scale=1:10000) and SPOT5 image data, supported by ArcGIS9.0、ArcView3.3、ERDAS IMAGINE8.7、ENVI4.2, with their respective processing technologies, take the landscape pattern analysis, investigation and practice as the research methods, the development and application of high spatial resolution data in the small watershed of Zhuxi River were studied. The results indicated that:1) The availability of high resolution data, including those of topography, hydrography, soil erosion, land use and so on, for watersheds, is an increasing concern. The case study can serve as a model for building high resolution spatial data and provide a means to solicit detailed information for decision marking in the planning, management or monitoring of watersheds. Issues about error minimization, data quality control, and how to improve data accuracy, are also identified.2) The structure of quantity and spatial distribution of soil erosion was analyzed in the study region. The soil erosion status has been improving, particularly since the 2000s, with the erosion rate showing an evident decline over the past 7 years. The slight and light erosion was doubly increased while the moderate and more serious erosion were decreased. The Soil Erosion Intensity Index (SEII) and the Soil Erosion Intensity Coefficient (SEIC) in 2007 were lower than that in 1999 under different terrain gradients such as elevation, slope and aspect.3) The spatio-temporal pattern of eroded landscape in the small watershed of Zhuxi River obviously changed, too. The homogenization of eroded landscape was ascensive. The compositions of eroded landscape in different slope grades were quite different, and the variations from 1999 to 2007 were also quite different. Human activity is the main driving factor for the dynamic changes of spatial pattern of eroded landscape in this study region.4) Resorting to the powerful function of RegionManager5.5, and the field survey, the soil and water conservation monitoring in the small watershed of Youwuzhen River in 2007 were carried out.更多还原