折射波法在堤坝病害探查中的应用研究

【作者】 王洪；

【导师】 汤井田； 武国辉；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地质工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近几年来,水利基本建设已在我国经济建设中摆在越来越重要的位置。我国江河堤防近26万公里,水库8万多座,病险水库堤坝占有率较高。应用地球物理（无损）检测监测方法与技术,在及时发现隐患,对症治理中具有十分重要的意义。堤坝的主要病害有:渗漏、裂缝、滑坡、孔洞、软弱层、坍塌崩岸、涵管破裂。论文用了相当的篇幅对浅层地震折射波法的基本原理进行了阐述,指出折射波具有五个重要特性即折射波存在盲区;高速层会对折射波起屏蔽作用,但屏蔽作用具有相对性;薄层对折射波具有选择作用;大地对折射波具有滤波作用;影响折射波的速度因素主要为孔隙度,孔隙中充填物及地层的埋藏深度。然后对折射波野外信息采集进行了仔细说明。针对堤坝病害这一具体探查对象进行了较为细致地野外工作方法介绍。指出进行折射波勘探时要重视干扰波调查、激发条件、接收条件、观测系统、检波距、测线长度、仪器因素。在资料解释一章中介绍了目前对折射波进行解释的八种方法:波前法、加减法、哈莱斯法、延迟时间法、T₀法、互换法、广义互换法、数值法。并指出最常用的是T₀法,推荐在折射波解释方法中使用广义互换法。论文以贵铝赤泥库堤坝探测为例,通过流程式的介绍,说明了针对具体问题时应该如何应用理论知识来指导生产实践。论文最后谈及了在运用折射波法对堤坝病害进行探查时的三点体会,并指出了折射波法探测中的两点不足。论文归纳了一整套应用浅层地震折射波法对堤坝病害进行探查的具体工作方法,为以后运用折射波进行堤坝隐患探测提供了参考应用的施工技术路线,特别是推荐了折射波解释方面的一种更为合理的方式方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the last few years, the water conservancy capital construction is already put in the more and more important position in our country economic developments. There are near 26 ten thousand kilometers embankment and 8 ten thousand reservoirs in our country, the proportion of the disease in the dike is high. Applying the method and technique of geophysics （have no damage ） have a important meaning for discovering the diseases. The main disease of the dike include: Seepage, crack, slip, cave, weak layer, collapse, pipe breach. The thesis used a lot of space describe the basic principle of shallow seismic in the refraction method, it point out that the refraction have five important characteristics: have blind area; the super-speed layer have the shield function, but the shield function is opposite; the thin layer have the choose function; the earth have the filter function. The influence factor to the refract rate have the degree of the crack, filling and geologic strata depth. Aim at the dike diseases, the thesis have a careful elucidation to the information collected of the refraction in the open country. Point out to attach importance to the investigation of interference wave、the condition of stir and receive、inspect system、the space of the detector、the length of the line、instrument factor in the process of refraction exploring. In the chapter of data explaining, it introduced eight kinds of refract methods at present: ex- wave method, add and subtract method, Hales method, delay-time method, T₀ method, exchange method, extend exchange method, the number method. Point out the most common use is T₀ method, and recommend to adopt extend exchange method to interpretate the seismic refraction. The thesis takes the example of the red mud reservoir to explain how to solve the problem of applying theory knowledge guiding to the fulfillment. The thesis refers three points of thinks and two point of fault in the use of method.The thesis concludes a set of seismic refraction methods to detect the disease of dike, provide a technique way for reference and appliance, especially recommending a more reasonable method of the seismic refraction interpretation.更多还原