基于嵌入式的温度控制系统与算法研究

【作者】 袁庆国；

【导师】 鲁五一；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 表面粘贴技术是一门涉及元器件、组装设备、焊接方法和组装辅助材料等内容,将电子元器件组装或贴装到印刷电路板(PCB)上的综合技术,被认为是电子组装技术的一次革命。随着国际信息产业无铅化的发展和IC芯片的技术革新,对电子信息产品无铅化需要的技术——回流焊接工艺提出了新的要求:利用更先进的控制方式在高温度、高温差、温度均匀、温度柔性化和垂直烘烤下进行无铅焊料的焊接,以达到提高生产质量,节约能量的目的。本文设计了基于嵌入式的温度控制系统,首先介绍温度控制的硬件结构,对主要电路进行设计,采用PHILIPS公司的LPC2212做为温度控制系统的核心处理器,在回流焊上植入嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ,搭建了一个任务管理平台,通过实时内核来对任务进行调度、管理,完成对回流焊工作任务的控制,采用μC/OS-Ⅱ为基础操作平台的设计工业控制系统,可以克服传统的采用前后台控制和中断响应方式所难以很好解决的实时响应差、控制效率低的缺点。实际运行结果表明该系统稳定性好,可靠性高,人机界面友好,维护简单。参数优化是许多科学、工程问题以及社会经济活动中的重要研究内容。针对该系统的实际情况,提出了基于进化算法的PID整定策略,主要讲了遗传算法和微粒子群算法,其中遗传算法能通过自学习能力对模型的控制参数进行了优化,找到了较好的控制参数,本文借助积分分离算法在阶跃响应的仿真中的对比,实验表明遗传算法的PID整定策略要大大优于传统PID算法。最后通过采用PSO算法对PID参数进行了优化,仿真结果表明该算法响应时间短,稳定收敛,精确度高,易于并行化,是一种效率很高的寻优方法,是PID参数优化的理想方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Surface mounting technology (SMT) is used to mount the electronic components onthe PCB. It treat of the components、mounting equipment、soldering measure andmaterials, and it also has been considered as a revolution in electronic mounting fields. With lead-free development of international IT industry and IC chip technical improvement, the new request to electronic information products lead-free technology that is availability in reflow jointing have brought forward: jointing lead-free solders Making use of more advanced control method under the condition of high temperature, high temperature difference, temperature equation, temperature flexibility and perpendicularity bakes, to realize the goal of enhancing the products’ quality and saving the energy.This paper designed the temperature control system based on embedded , first introduced the hardware structure of the temperature control , and designed the main circuit, adopt the LPC2212 as the core processor of the temperature control system, running speed and handling complex data have many SCM unmatched performance, in reflow transplant the embedded real-time operating systemμC/OS-II, set up a task management platform, through real-time kernel to schedule and manage the tasks , to complete the control of the reflow soldering tasks, the design of industrial control systems useμC/OS- II as operating platform, can be overcome traditional Taiwan before and after the introduction of control and difficult to interrupt response by the good way to resolve the real-time response poor, low-efficiency control weaknesses. Actual operating results show that the system has good stability, high reliability, friendly Man-machine Interface, easy maintenance.The problem of parameters optimization is involved in many scientific, engineering and economic fields. founding on this temperature control system,evolutionary algorithm is proposed based on the PID tuning strategy, focused on genetic algorithms and particles swarm algorithm, the genetic algorithm PID turning strategy have been brought forward. It can optimize the system model structure through the self-learning ability, and turn up the optimized parameter of the model. The paper utilize the step response simulate curves of the Integral-Separated PID algorithm to comparing to the effect, finally, PSO is used to optimize the PID parameters, The simulation results show that the algorithm short response time, stability, convergence, high accuracy, easy to concurrentoperation. It is an ideal method for optimizing PID parameters.更多还原