【作者】 刘淑香；

【导师】 范武邱；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】基于《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第六版个案研究

【摘要】 双语词典的编纂过程实际上就是一种翻译过程。在双语词典中,例证的选取和翻译备受瞩目,因为词典中的释义是核心,例证是释义的延续,是对核心所做的支持和补充。释义和例证共同构成了词典的主体或称灵魂。双语词典的例证为源语言为非母语的读者提供语言环境以补充释义之不足,并提供词语的搭配信息、用法以帮助读者理解释义。词典评论者们常常会这样说:“例证之于词典,犹如血肉之于骨架。”这都说明例证及其翻译在词典中的重要性。1995年,刘重德在《山东外语教学》第一期上阐述“词无定义,译无定法。”的观点,也就是说词义取决于语境,而语境是千变万化的,因而译法也就不得不随之千变万化。由此可见,语境和翻译有着密切的关系。本文立足于词典学的宏观视野,以语义原型模式的语境理论为框架,论证了语境理论对例证翻译所产生的影响。通过对比分析语境理论在篇章翻译和例证翻译中的差异,得出了例证翻译中同样存在着语境的结论。然而例证翻译是一种特殊性的翻译,它不具备普通翻译所具有的语段语境或语篇语境,译者必须在其语境不足或语境效果小的情况下去研究例证翻译。因此,例证文本的这种特殊性就使得语篇在例证翻译中无法进行通观。由于近年来从事例证翻译的研究者很少跳出例证翻译的实践进行理性层面的思考,本文针对词典目前还缺乏相应的宏观性指导理论,说明例证翻译的重要功能之一是为词目词的使用提供典型的语境,以防止出现例证的词境无效或词境不足。此外,本文一方面先对《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》的发展史和特征做一概述,然后对该词典第6版中的例证翻译着重于从语义结构对比而不拘泥于逐字对译,即从篇章语义学的角度,以求得译文的正确和通顺,选出了21条例证进行分析。通过分析这些例句,作者认为在例证翻译中,其首要任务是要尽力保持原语例证的功能一等值性。另一方面,我们以例证译文的评价标准为切入点,对例证翻译的方法论进行探讨,认为例证翻译应该以“直译为主,意译为辅”。因此,本文指出例证翻译在追求功能等值的基础上也应遵守相应的指导性翻译原则,如:意义实证、阐发、合体、成词原则等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The compilation of a bilingual dictionary is,in fact,the process of translation.In bilingual dictionaries,the choosing and translating of its examples are so important to people.Definitions are the core in a dictionary,while examples which are the extension of them,make a supplement to the core.Both definitions and examples become the body or soul of a dictionary.Apart from providing language environments for the target reader to supplement definitions,examples in bilingual dictionaries also add collocation information of words and usages so as to help readers’ understanding of its definitions.Dictionary reviewers often talk that "examples in a dictionary are just like the fresh and blood of the body",which means examples and their translation are very important in dictionaries.In 1995,Liu Zhongde expatiated his views that "there isn’t a fixed definition on words,and there isn’t a fixed method on translation" in Shandong Foreign Language Teaching Journal.In other words,the meaning of a word depends on its context which is changeable,so the methods of its translation are also changeable.All this indicates that translation is closely related to its context.Based on the lexicographical field,this thesis is aimed at demonstrating the influence of context theory on example translation with the framework of the context theory of the semantic prototype model. Through the contrastive analysis of the differences of context theory in textual translation and example translation,we come to know that context also exists in example translation.However,example translation is a kind of special translation which lacks of a paragraphic or textual context which is provided by general translation,it needs translators to study it under its inadequacy of context or its small context.Therefore,the idiosyncrasy of examples determines that it can’t be looked through when it is translated.At present,there are only a few researchers who have worked on example translation,gave a rational consideration out of its practice.This thesis which is aimed at lacking of relative macroscopical guiding theories,explains the most important function of example translation is to provide a typical context to headwords so as to avoid invalidation or inadequacy of the context.Moreover,the thesis,on the one hand,gives a brief introduction of the developing history and characteristics of the OALD.Then it launches on the semantic structure comparison,that is, from the angle of textual semantics,to choose 21 examples to analyze the translation in OALD₆.Through analyzing these examples,the author thinks that the main task of an example is to keep the equivalence with the example of its source language.On the other hand,we make a discussion on the methodology of example translation from its evaluating standard and consider that example translation should adopt the principle of "taking the literal translation as the main approach and the free translation as the supplementary approach".Therefore,this thesis,points out that example translation should follow some relevant guiding principles such as the principle of meaning verifying,the principle of meaning extending,the principle of appropriateness and word growing to achieve the functional equivalence.更多还原