环境振动能量转换器与功率调理电路的参数优化

【作者】 夏述堰；

【导师】 刘少强；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 控制科学与工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 针对像无线传感器、便携式设备等许多不能或不便于采用有线供电和电池不能或不易更换的电子系统对微电源的需求,研究可以将外界环境的能量转换为电能并且在理论上无限期使用的微型发电系统(或者环境能量采集器)是人们正在努力探索的课题。由于环境的振动能量无处不在,因此振动能量采集器成为可自我维持电源研究中的一大热点。针对磁电式环境振动能量采集系统的换能器及其功率调理电路的研究设计问题,本文主要通过机电模拟,将换能器的机电混合模型等效为纯电路模型,借助电路仿真软件,从机电能量转换器建模,功率调理电路设计、参数优化三方面进行了不需要外部能源辅助的振动能量采集系统的相关理论和仿真研究。论文具体研究工作如下:首先,对磁电式转换器的结构及其工作原理进行分析,将换能器简化为一个单自由度质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,并进行动力学分析,建立机械系统物理模型的传递函数,进而导出磁电式换能器的输出表达式;采用系统相似原理,通过机电模拟,将物理模型转换为电路模型,从而能借助电路仿真工具进行电路分析。其次,针对电能的高效存储问题以及满足实际负载供电使用的要求,对磁电式转换器功率调理电路进行了研究设计,在本文中设计了两种电路并进行了使其输出最优的仿真研究。最后,根据设计的两种功率调理电路使用电路分析设计的仿真软件OrCAD/Pspice9.2工具对整个系统进行仿真研究,对主要电路进行了参数优化,根据仿真优化结果对这两种电路进行对比分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is not convenient to change the battery or to power with wired supply for some kinds of electronic devices such as wireless sensors and portable equipments etc, the micro electrical power is needed. The micro electricity generator timelessly used is one of the micro powers being explored and developed, which can convert the ambient power to electricity. Ambient vibration energy is everywhere, so vibration power harvester becomes one of the hotspot research on self-power.For investigation and designment of magnet-electrical vibration transducer and the power conditioning circuits, this thesis converts the mechanism-electrical mix model to the circuit model with mechanism-electrical simulating, and uses the circuit simulation software to analysis theoretically and simulates the vibration power harvester without any exterior assistant power supply. The thesis fouses on the three aspects primarily: the modelling of vibration-electric energy convertor, power conditioning circuits and parameters optimization.Firstly, the configuration and principle of magnet-electrical transducer is analyzed. The system is predigested of a mass-spring-damp system, and analyzed from kinetics, and the power transfer function of the mechanism system is found, so that the output power expression of magnet-electrical transducer can be educed. With the help of electro-mechanical analogy and simulation, the physics model of mechanism system is conversed to the circuit model, so that the circuits can be analyzed with the simulation software.Secondly, power conditioning circuits of magnet-electrical transducer are designed, so that the electric energy can be storaged efficiently and power load, and satisfy the request of practical use. In the thesis two circuits to optimize the output power are designed, and the simulation results show the validity.Finally, the circuit simulation software OrCAD/Pspice9.2 is used to optimize the circuit parameters of the two power conditiong circuits, and the applicability of two circuits are analyzed on basis of the simulation results.更多还原