【作者】 龚元翔；

【导师】 王李管；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地下空间资源科学与工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 合理确定露天矿开采境界是露天开采设计的一项重要工作,其目的就是使整个矿床开采所获的经济效益最优。采用传统手工法确定露天矿开采境界,设计计算工作量大,无法全面考虑资源开采技术及经济条件指标等因素对境界优化的影响,很难得到合理的最终开采境界。随着计算机技术的发展,矿业界研究学者提出采用计算机圈定境界的方法,常见的方法有:二维动态规划法和三维图论法、浮动圆锥法、三维动态规划法、网络最大流法、正锥删除法等,其中以浮动圆锥法和LG图论法应用最为广泛。这些计算机优化方法都是在应用地质统计学方法建立的矿床块段模型基础上实现的。本文在对矿床三维可视化建模及露天境界优化技术的研究现状、发展趋势和存在问题进行分析的基础上,重点对矿床实体建模及境界优化等关键技术进行了研究,建立了易门铜厂铜矿的矿床三维可视化经济模型。并采用LG图论法对不同时期及不同市场条件下铜金属价格的最终开采境界进行了优化。本论文的主要研究工作及成果如下:1、在查阅大量文献的基础上对矿床三维可视化建模及露天境界优化技术现状、发展趋势及存在的问题进行了系统分析研究。2、在对铜厂铜矿原始建模资料进行了数据转换、矢量化等研究工作的基础上,建立了整个矿山的地表模型、矿床实体模型、岩层及断层实体模型。建立地质体模型为矿山提供了一个动态管理的数据库,解决了“海量”的原始工程图纸保存困难的问题;为地质工作者宏观上把握矿床成矿分布规律提供了依据,改变了传统的设计思维模式。3、采用地质块段建模技术及地质统计学原理建立了矿床铜元素空间分布的品位模型,并按《固体矿产资源/储量分类》新方法对矿床储量进行重新的分类统计,实现了与国外市场经济国家矿产资源分类的接轨,适应了我国矿业投资体制的改革,切合了市场经济体制的要求,而且提高勘探投资的效益,避免了探矿资金的浪费。4、采用LG图论法,得到了不同市场条件不同铜金属价格等因素影响下的多种开采境界设计方案,为铜厂铜矿露天开采设计提供了依据。通过本次研究表明,采用LG图论法能快速、准确的优化出铜厂铜矿最佳露天开采境界。虽然计算机不能替代矿山设计者的分析和设计,但能帮助对一个新设计进行快速评价,极大的提高了矿山工作者的工作效率,是矿山可持续化发展的技术保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 Specifying a rational open pit is the key link of open pit mining design, the purpose of which is to maximize economic benefits of the whole deposit obtained from mining.It is difficult to obtain a rational ultimate open pit by traditional manual methods because of the large workload of design and calculation,which make it difficult to take the effect of technical and economic index of resource mining on pit optimization into full consideration. With the development of computer science,the mining researchers have put forward new ways to get optimal open pit boundary by using computer:such as 2D dynamic programming,3D graph theory method,floating cone method, 3D dynamic programming,the Maximum Flow in Network,positive cone punctured method and so on,among which,Floating Cone method and L-G Graph Theory Method are the most commonly used ones.All the methods are based on economic block model of ore body built according to geological statistics theory.Based on the analysis of the present situation,developing trends and the existing problems of 3D visualization simulation technology and Open Pit Mining Optimization Technology,this paper we give a discussion and study on relevant key technical issues in the deposit modeling and open pit optimization,have built a 3D economic visualization model suit for evaluation of mine resources and geological environment of Yimen Tongchang Copper Mine,and analyzed the different ultimate open pit defined by different copper prices under different market conditions and in different periods with the principle of L-G Graph Theory Methods.The main content of this paper are as follows:1.A comprehensive analysis of the present situation,developing trends and the existing problems of 3D visualization simulation technology and Open Pit Mining Limit Optimization Technology was carried out based on previous documentations.2.Topographic model,deposit solid model,rock and fault solid model are built based on the study on data permutation and vectorization of original modeling data of Tongchang Copper Mine.Geological Object modeling has provided a dynamic database,effectively solved the problem in storing the original design drawings,and the same time,offered basis for geologists to macroscopically understand the distribution and mineralization of deposit and to change traditional thinking mode.3.Grade model which represents the spatial distribution of Cu has been built with the adoption of geo-block modeling technology and geo-statistics theory;meanwhile,reclassification of deposit reserve was carried out according to the new methods illustrated in Solid Mineral Resources/ Reserves Classification,the results of which show that the classification can be joint with oversea market,it is suit for the demands of reform in mine investment system and market economy,and moreover,it can enhance the efficiency of exploration investment and avoid exploration capital waste.4.Various ultimate open pits designs defined by different copper prices under different market conditions and in different periods are obtained with the principle of L-G Graph Theory Methods,which provide basis for open pit design of Tongchang Copper Mine.The study indicates that the LG method was proved to be a accurate, fast and simple method to define the optimal pit limit.Though computer can not be a substitute for the analysis and design of the mining designers,it is helpful in mining fast evaluation of a new design and in increasing work efficiency of mining designers;therefore,it is the guarantee of enterprise’s sustainable development.更多还原