【作者】 赵光辉；

【导师】 李彦锋；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本学位论文详细评述了固定化微生物技术和两相分配生物反应器技术处理高浓度苯酚废水的研究进展,并对目前研究现状与存在的问题进行了评述,提出了本学位论文的选题指导思想。设计制备了聚氨酯/有机蒙脱土复合泡沫载体(PUF/OMMT),通过向聚氨酯泡沫载体中添加有机蒙脱土(OMMT),提高了聚氨酯泡沫载体的化学和生物稳定性能,相应延长了聚氨酯泡沫的使用寿命。通过复合聚氨酯泡沫载体的SEM观察以及其化学、生物稳定性分析,当有机蒙脱土的添加量在1%时可获得最佳效果。以PUF/OMMT为载体固定化高效微生物B350,详细研究了用其处理苯酚废水时,苯酚起始浓度、pH值、温度等参数对苯酚降解效率的影响,通过与游离微生物的比较,提高了对苯酚的耐受性、降解速率以及扩大了降解条件范围,显示出固定化微生物技术处理污水时具有耐冲击的显著特点。建立了固定化微生物降解苯酚的数学模型,然后对其参数通过非线性拟合进行了求解,最后验证了所建立的数学模型,结果表明与实测数据基本吻合。数学模型的建立为实际应用提供了理论依据。采用相转化法制备了聚砜/壬醇胶囊和聚砜/有机蒙脱土小球两种萃取剂,并对其吸附苯酚的性能进行了测试,结果表明两种萃取剂都有较快的吸附速率:聚砜/壬醇胶囊一小时可达到吸附平衡,聚砜/有机蒙脱土小球则需要2小时:并且都有较大的吸附量:对于起始浓度为1906mg/L的苯酚废水,聚砜/壬醇胶囊对其的吸附量为16.3mg/g,对于起始浓度为2030mg/L的苯酚废水,聚砜/有机蒙脱土小球对其的吸附量为30.2mg/g。聚砜/有机蒙脱土小球对苯酚的吸附动力学符合Lagergren准二级吸附模型,其对苯酚的等温吸附更符合Freundlich吸附模型。以聚砜/有机蒙脱土小球为萃取剂,将固定化微生物技术引入TPPB系统对高浓度苯酚降解时,其对苯酚的降解速率可达到342.4 mg/L*h,而TPPB系统中生物相为游离微生物时,对苯酚的降解速率为208.4 mg/L*h。由此说明,TPPB系统由于固定化微生物技术的引入不仅提高了苯酚的降解速率,而且大大提高了苯酚的起始浓度。由以PUF/OMMT为载体固定化微生物作为生物相,以聚砜/有机蒙脱土小球为萃取剂作为固态萃取相,构成用于高浓度苯酚废水处理的新型两相分配生物反应器,是本学位论文的创新点。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation reviews microorganism immobilization and two-phase partitioning bioreactor was used to degrade high concentrations of phenol. Based on the current situation and existing problems, the detailed research progress is presented.Foam carrier based on composite of polyurethane/montmorillonite (PU/OMMT) was designed and prepared successfully, By addition of organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) to polyurethane (PU) foam, the chemical stability and bio-stability of PU have been improved. Accordingly, the addition of organic modified montmorillonite has increased the lifetime of PU. The composite PU was analyzed by SEM and its chemical and biological stability was examined. It was found that the organic modified montmorillonite could get perfect performance when the concentration of organic modified montmorillonite is 1%.The high efficiency microbes B350 were immobilized on the PUF/OMMT. The effects of initial phenol concentration, pH and temperature on the removal of phenol were investigated. Comparing with free microbes, we found that phenol-stability and degradative efficiency of immobilized microorganism had been improved, which indicate that immobilized microorganism has the obvious character that is not affected by environmental factor easily. The dynamical mode which the immobilized microorganism degrades phenol was built, and then, the kinetic parameters were determined by non-linear curve fit, at last, the dynamical mode was check by experimental data, the result showed that the dynamical mode was accorded with the experimental data. The dynamical mode provided theory for the application which the immobilized microorganism degrades phenol.The polymers of polysulfone/nonanol and polysulfone/OMMT were prepared using the phase inversion method, the capability of two polymers were tested individually, the results show that two polymers all have fast sorption velocity: polysulfone/nonanol capsule can reach sorption balance within one hour, and polysulfone/OMMT bead used two hours; Two polymers also have high sorption capacity: the sorption capacity of polysulfone/nonanol capsule is 16.3mg/g, when the initial phenol concentration is 1906mg/L; the sorption capacity of polysulfone/OMMT bead is 30.2mg/g, when the initial phenol concentration is 2030mg/L. The adsorption dynamical mode of polysulfone/OMMT bead accords with Lagergren pseudo-second-order adsorption model. The adsorption to phenol also accords to Freundlich adsorption model.Two-phase partitioning bioreactor containing immobilized microorganism and PS/OMMT bead was used to degrade high concentrations of phenol, of which the degradation velocity is 342.4 mg/L*h, while, two-phase partitioning bioreactor containing free microorganism and PS/OMMT bead was used to degrade high concentrations of phenol, of which the degradation velocity is 208.4 mg/L*h. The degradation velocity of phenol and initial phenol concentration were improved, because TPPB contains immobilized microorganism.TPPB was made up of immobilized microorganism used as the phase of biology and PS/OMMT bead used as the phase of extraction, which was used to degrade high concentrations of phenol. That is the innovation of this thesis.更多还原