【作者】 岳江山；

【导师】 阎守扶；

【作者基本信息】 首都体育学院 ， 运动人体科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在运动性疲劳理论的实践应用中,各种评定人体运动性疲劳的主客观指标被用于帮助运动员和教练员判断和掌握运动的量、强度和时间,这为运动中合理分配体能,最大限度地减少疲劳的发生以及加快疲劳的恢复起了重要作用。因此,科学合理地认识和使用这些评定疲劳的指标是很有意义的。本文通过对运动性疲劳及其评价指标的发展进行观察后认为:目前用于评价运动性疲劳的指标较多,而且在运动队中常采用多个指标联合应用监控运动训练和比赛。因此选用哪些指标来监控训练和比赛就较重要了。一般认为将相关程度较高的指标共同运用与疲劳评价中可以使指标之间互为参考,使疲劳评定的结果更为可靠,而目前就运动性疲劳评价指标之间关系的研究和报道还不多见。研究目的:在前人研究的基础上,本研究目的就在于测试一次性力竭运动疲劳后恢复期不同时段部分主客观指标,通过实验数据来研究和探讨它们的变化规律以及运动性疲劳部分主观感受和客观指标间相关性的问题,为多指标的联合应用于疲劳评定提供参考依据。研究方法:本实验以人体为研究对象,按照Bruce方案采用一致的运动疲劳模式,在运动前和运动力竭后恢复阶段按9个时间点顺序分别采取心率、RPE15、血乳酸、血氨、反应时和手动稳定性的数据。并通过SPSS软件对这6个指标的数据进行方差和相关性统计分析。研究结果:本实验研究结果是血乳酸、血氨、心率、RPE15和手动稳定性均于运动后即刻达到峰值,运动后逐渐回复到接近安静状态,表现出对运动疲劳程度反映的敏感性。反应时却没有表现出其他值的相应趋势,而是呈现一定的波动状态变化。实验中评价运动疲劳客观指标的血乳酸、血氨和心率之间有较高程度的线性相关。而主观感受指标中RPE15和手动稳定性之间有一定的线性相关,而反应时却表现出和其他指标较低的相关程度。研究发现RPE15、心率、血乳酸和血氨之间均达到显著相关水平,手动稳定性和反应时数据与其他指标之间表现为弱相关或不相关水平。研究结论:以Bruce方案为负荷模型的运动性疲劳实验中,血乳酸、血氨、心率、RPE15和手动稳定性均于表现出对反映运动疲劳程度的敏感性,而反应时的变化较少,提示反应时可能不适用于短时间一次性力竭负荷运动疲劳的评定;在一次性力竭性体能项目运动疲劳的评价时,将RPE15、血乳酸、血氨和心率这几个之间相关性较高的主客观指标联合应用可能对运动强度和疲劳状态的评价提供更为准确、全面和系统的参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the academic practice of exercise fatigue,diversified subjective and objective index is used for helping people especially for athletes and coaches estimate and control quantity、intension and time of exercise.It is important to assign physical fitness,reduce and quicken renew the fatigue in maximum for people.Therefore,it is significant to understand and use these indexes in reason.In this paper we investigate the development of the exercise fatigue and its estimate index,and now athletics team often adopt multi-index to monitor training and match.Therefore,it is important to choose some indexes for excise monitor.Currently we consider that use some indexes which have supernal degree of correlation in estimation of fatigue could make these indexes reference each other and take our results more credible.At the same time, there is lack of research reports of relation between these indexes.Purpose:On the base of the research before,the purpose of our research is testing some subjective and objective index in every period of convalescence after exhaustive exercise fatigue,and discusses their rule of variety and the correlation between physiology-biochemistry index and subjective index through experimental data,it can provide some reference for some more indexes using together.Methods:We took human body as object of the research,and used consistent mode of exercise fatigue according to the precept of Bruce,then took the data of heart rate, RPE15,blood lactic acid,blood ammonia,response time and hand act stability before movement and the same after fatigue in 9 times orderly.Then we took variance and correlation analysis to the data of these 6 indexes by SPSS software.Results:This result of research show that heart rate,RPE15,blood lactic acid,blood ammonia and hand act stability put up a sensitivity to exhaustive exercise fatigue because of their data reach the peak value at the ending moment of sport and then down to normal gradually.But the data of response time did not show the same trend, it present some state of fluctuation.The evaluate objective indexes of exercise fatigue take on high correlation between heart rate,blood lactic acid and blood ammonia,and heart rate take on the most correlation with blood lactic acid.The evaluate subjective indexes of exercise fatigue show some different trend:RPE15 take on some definite correlation with hand act stability,but response time put up a low correlation to others. The research found that there is a notable correlation between heart rate,RPE15, blood lactic acid and blood ammonia,while there is a weak correlation between response time,hand act stability and others. Conclusions:Our conclusion of the research is that heart rate、RPE15、blood lactic acid、blood ammonia and hand act stability put up a sensitivity to exhaustive exercise fatigue in our fatigue mode according to the precept of Bruce.The result approve that heart rate,RPE15,blood lactic acid,blood ammonia and hand act stability can estimate preferably to the degree of exercise fatigue form their point of view,and there is short of evidence to estimate the degree of exercise fatigue by response time with hand act stability together.Thereby,we consider that response time maybe inapplicable to assess exhaustive exercise fatigue.The result clew that we can take some index of high correlation together to estimate the degree of exercise intension and exercise fatigue in the exhausted physical fitness item,such as heart rate,RPE15, blood lactic acid and blood ammonia,and it could help us providing some more exact、general and systemic reference.更多还原