运动目标图像的获取、传输与跟踪

【作者】 李健；

【导师】 彭树生；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 运动目标检测与跟踪涉及到计算机图像处理、视频图像处理、模式识别、以及人工智能等诸多领域,广泛地应用于军事、工业、生活等各个方面。对此方向开展研究,具有实际的应用价值。本文研究了一定空域中缓慢降落目标的检测与跟踪。通过视频的采集与压缩,将观测目标的视频数据由无线传输链路发送到后端控制中心,在后端的图像处理计算机上实现对观测目标的检测和跟踪处理,同时实现对前端图像采集系统的控制。首先,设计了图像采集与压缩的硬件平台。分析了系统的实际需要,确定了系统所需的镜头和摄像机的类型和参数。分析了原始数字图像的特点和传输系统的带宽限制,在保证一定图像质量的条件下,确定了图像的压缩格式为MPEG-4,并阐述了MPEG-4图像压缩格式的特点。其次,建立了无线传输链路。根据前端图像的分辨率和帧率以及图像的压缩比,确定了图像传输的带宽;根据实际需要,设计了基于ISM波段的无线收发模块ADF7025的无线收发系统。围绕ADF7025划分了系统的各部分功能,给出了部分电路的工作原理图。最后,实现图像的检测与跟踪。本文主要研究在简单背景下运动目标信息的获取和跟踪,介绍了图像序列中运动目标的检测方法,详细研究了目前运动目标检测的一些常用方法,包括相邻帧差法、背景差法、光流场法,分析比较了这些常用算法的优缺点。考虑到算法的稳定性和对干扰的抑制性,本文利用光流法来实现了对运动目标的检测和跟踪。更多还原

【Abstract】 Moving target detection and tracking are related to computer image processing, video and image processing, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence, and widely used in military, industrial, and other aspects of life. This research on the field is of the actual value.In this paper, the research is emphasized on a slow dropping target detection and tracking in certain airspace. The target video is acquired and compressed with a vidicon and a video-capture card DVP1412, and would be sent to a back-end control center with a wireless transmission link. And then video data are processed to detect and track the target. At the same time, the direction of the vidicon is modulated with a servo system.First, the hardware platform is designed of image acquisition and compression. According to the actual need, the lens and parameters of a vidicon are analyzed and designed, and the bandwidth limitation of an image transmission system is discussed. Under image quality guaranteed, MPEG-4 is adopted for the image compression format, and the characteristic of MPEG-4 image compression format is described.Second, a wireless link is designed for image data transmission. According to the front-end image resolution, frame rate and image compression ratio, the transmission bandwidth is determined. And according to actual needs, a wireless transceiver system is designed on the ISM-band wireless transceiver module ADF7025. The circuit schematic is given in detail.Finally, the image detection and tracking are realized. The study is focused on acquisition and track of a moving target on a simple background and detection methods are introduced in this paper. Some common methods, such as the Inter-frame difference method, background subtraction method and optical flow method, are analyzed and compared their advantages and disadvantages. Taken into account the stability and the interference suppression of an algorithm, optical flow is adopted to achieve the detecting and tracking of a moving target in the paper.更多还原