水下卡片间隙试验法测定炸药冲击波感度的实验研究和近似计算

【作者】 王慧君；

【导师】 陈网桦； 何中其；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文将炸药的水下爆炸能量测试方法与冲击波感度测试方法(小隔板法)相结合,研究并尝试了一种测试炸药冲击波感度的方法——水下卡片间隙试验法。首先,通过在无卡片间隙条件下直接引爆梯恩梯、太安、黑索金、钝化黑索金、8701和膨化硝酸铵炸药等六种典型炸药,分别测定水下爆炸能量释放值,并将其作为主要判据来判断被测炸药试样是否在测试中发生爆轰。然后,利用Bruceton升降法原理对上述六种炸药进行了水下冲击波感度的试验研究。以聚乙烯材质的卡片为隔板,通过测定在相同引发条件下炸药发生50%爆轰概率时的卡片间隙厚度值,得到了六种炸药的冲击波感度相对排序(由高到低):太安＞黑索金＞8701＞钝化黑索金＞梯恩梯＞膨化硝酸铵炸药。通过将试验结果与文献值、传统隔板试验所得结果进行对比,说明该冲击波感度试验结果是可信的,该水下卡片间隙试验法在一定程度上代替传统隔板试验法是可行的。在此基础上,研究了装药密度对冲击波感度的影响,得出与用其他方法相同的结论,即在一定范围内,炸药装药密度越大,其冲击波感度越低。最后,对冲击波在隔板介质中的衰减规律进行了分析。根据近似计算的基本假设,计算了符合本文试验条件的卡片间隙初始参量。通过参考相关文献中的冲击波临界压力实测值,对比分析了两种数学衰减模型的特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 A new method was developped to test the shock sensitivity of explosives, called Underwater Card Gap Experiment (UCGE). Its characteristic is the combination of underwater explosion method and shock sensitivity experiments (small scale gap test).Firstly, the underwater explosion energy of six explosives (TNT, PETN, RDX, passivated RDX, 8701 and expanded ammonium nitrate explosive) are obtained under the condition that non card gap is used. The standard values are used to decide whether the detonation process happens or not in the UCGE afterwards.Secondly, Bruceton up-and-down method is applied in UCGE. With the card gap of polyethylene, experiments are carried on to test the shock sensitivity of six explosives at 50% detonation probability. The results of thickness of card gap are found to show the sequence of the shock sensitivity (from high to low):PETN > RDX > 8701 > desensitized RDX > TNT > expanded ammonium nitrate explosive.The contrast between experimental results and literatures and results got by traditional gap test indicates that the experimental results are believable. It also demonstrates the feasibility that traditional gap test can be placed by UCGE to a certain extent. Further more, the impact of charge density towards the shock sensitivity is investigated. The results are in agreement with that of other methods, showing that the bigger the charge density, the lower the shock sensitivity.Finally, shock wave attenuation laws in gap medium are studied and original parameters of card gap in experimental condition are calculated according to the basic hypothesis of approximate calculation. With the reference of critical pressure values of shock wave in relative literatures, the characteristics of two attenuation models are analyzed.更多还原