民事撤诉制度研究

【作者】 朱文萃；

【导师】 陈爱武；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 撤诉制度是一项重要的民事诉讼制度,撤诉亦是当事人享有的一项重要的民事权利。在我国民事裁判中,以撤诉作为结案方式的案件数量占据相当比重,然而民事诉讼理论和立法未对其给以应有的重视,造成司法实践中诸多问题的产生,完善现行撤诉制度势在必行。本文分为三个部分。第一部分是撤诉基本理论的阐述,先后对撤诉概念、撤诉要件、撤诉原因以及撤诉的法理基础展开分析。通过界定撤诉概念确定了本文的研究范围,通过分析撤诉要件明晰撤诉的成立条件,通过探究撤诉原因从实证角度揭示改良撤诉制度的基点,通过阐释撤诉的法理基础为构建撤诉制度提供指导理念。第二部分对域外制度进行比较法考察。在对两大法系代表性国家的撤诉制度进行介绍分析之后,总结其制度之共性,具体表现为:被告享有一定的决定权、严格适用按撤诉处理、对撤诉后再起诉予以限制、诉讼费用的规定灵活。文章最后一部分是我国撤诉制度的立法现状及完善,通过对我国不同时期撤诉制度的立法规定进行比较,分析了立法背后的深层原因,并揭示了现行撤诉制度立法规定的弊端;其次以撤诉法理为指导,参考域外相关制度,对完善我国民事撤诉制度提出具体的立法建议,包括如下几个方面:明确撤诉的成立要件、对原告非真实意思表示之撤诉给予救济、严格按撤诉处理的适用、赋予被告对撤诉的抗议权、诉讼费用分情况确定、对再次起诉予以限制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Withdrawing system is an important civil system, and withdrawal is also an important civil right the parties have. Data show that, withdrawal as a close function occupies a considerable proportion of civil procedure. However, the system in our country’s civil legislation has not been given due attention making the judicial practice unsystematic and chaotic. The current system need be reformed urgently.This article can be divided into three parts.The first part is about theories of withdrawing system, including the conception, basic factors, reasons and jurisprudential analysis of withdrawing of civil actions. The definition of conception delimitate the scope of study, the analysis of basic factors illustrate the condition of validation of withdrawing, the investigation of causes of withdrawing explain the reason why the system need be reformed and how to start the reform, the elaboration of jurisprudential can guide the constitution of withdrawing system.The second part is about the study of extraterritorial system. Through studying the legislation of the civil withdrawing system of the major countries of the two legal systems, the article reveals many similarities, the defendant have some conditional right of disposition, strict use of legal withdrawal, limit the freedom of prosecution after withdrawal, flexible provisions of the cost of litigation.In the last part the author fully introduce withdrawing system in China Civil Procedure Law and propose some specific perfect measures. Firstly, compare on withdrawing system in civil legislation in different period, analysis the deep reasons about those different provisions, show defects in percent civil legislation. Secondly, guiding by the jurisprudential of withdrawing system and studying the related system of extraterritorial system the author propose some feasible and specific advises of reform. Specifically include the following, clear the basic factors of withdrawal, establish a system that give relief to plaintiff’s non-real expressed intention, strict use of legal withdrawal, give the defendant some conditional right of disposition, change the cost of litigation in different situation, limit the freedom of prosecution after withdrawal.更多还原