我国跳高运动水平滞后的主要因素分析及对策研究

【作者】 靳辽；

【导师】 李文辉；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 跳高运动同其他田径项目一样,是人类在大自然的生活中逐步发展起来的。早在我国的春秋战国时期,就出现了用“逾高超距”作为挑选和训练士兵的手段,在民间也流传着跳高的游戏。最早的跳高比赛大约在公元1700年左右,当时跳高是体操的跳跃项目,1864年跳高才被列为田径运动的一个比赛项目,至今仅有一百多年的历史。从加拿大人沃弗兰德的1.69米的第一个跳高世界纪录到古巴的索托马约尔的2.45米,世界纪录提高了76厘米,而且先后出现了跨越式、剪式、滚式、俯卧式、背越式五种过杆姿势,可以说跳高运动在这一百多年的历史过程中得到了空前的发展。但是作为田径比赛中最受人们喜爱的项目之一的跳高运动,从上个世纪90年代中期以来世界的整体水平出现了停滞的局面。我国更是与世界水平之间拉开了一定的距离,在世界大赛中几乎见不到中国跳高运动员参加比赛,而且在亚洲也失去霸主的地位。造成我国跳高运动成绩滞后的原因是多方面的,本文试图就这一现状运通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法,对我国跳高运动的后备人才、教练员、运动员、训练、科研以及体制进行研究,找出阻碍我国跳高运动水平提高的因素,探究我国跳高运动可持续发展的对策,努力为我国的跳高运动贡献自己的一份微薄之力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Being alike other track and field sport, high jump being evolved in the natural life by human. high jump presented itself as a means to select and train soldier early in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period. High jump as a game also is gone round in civilian. The first high jump tournament emerged as a gymnastic jump item about in A. D. 1700. There are only more than one hundred years since high jump became one of track and field sports in 1864. The world’s record of high jump was heightened 76cm from the first world’s record 169cm (created by Canadian, Fifullanda.) to 245cm (created by Cuban, sotomayaoer.). In this period, spanning, scissoring, rolling, pronating, and back bowing come forth successively. It can be said that the high jump’s development is record-breaking during this time. However, as one of the people’s favorite track and field sports, the high jump sport have stagnated itself in the world since the mid-1990s. Furthermore, the level of our national high jump lowers than the world’s level. Scarcely any can Chinese high jump sportsman be found in the worldwide competition and lost its position of overlord in the Asia.Diverse contributing factors can be identified for the stagnation of our national high jump, and this article try to research our national high jump’s future sportsmen, coaches, athletes, training, scientific research and system, in order to find out the factors that cumber our national high jump’s improvement, to explore the countermeasures, to contribute own efforts to our national high jump!更多还原