论雇员侵害第三人时的雇主责任

【作者】 李勋文；

【导师】 陈淑华；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 雇主责任是一种特殊侵权责任,两大法系中的各国法律均有明文的规定,但我国《民法通则》中并没有明文加以规定。国内学者对此作了大量的研究,提出了很多具有建设性意义的理论,这在民法典草案中亦有体现。本文拟从比较研究的角度对雇主责任制度的对外成立和对内追偿两个方面展开讨论,并结合司法实践上的经验总结,以期对雇主责任的认定及责任承担提出一定的见解和意见。文章第一部分从雇主责任的概念出发,对雇主与雇主责任的概念进行了一定的界定,进而论述了有关雇主责任制度理论依据的几种通说,指出雇主赔偿责任的根据应归结为实际效用——对损害更有效的填补,这是我们理解雇主责任制度的存在具有合理性的核心价值理念。文章第二部分重点分析了雇主责任的构成要件,认为雇主责任的构成要件应从以下三个方面来考虑:首先,雇主责任的成立以行为人(雇员)侵权责任的成立为前提;其次,雇主与行为人之间存在特殊的关系,即雇佣关系,文章指出应将控制理论作为我们判断雇佣关系是否存在的最重要和最有效的理论,并参考其他因素来综合考察;再次,雇员的行为属于执行职务的范围,并对雇员职务范围的一般判断标准以及相关特殊因素进行了一定地分析。文章最后对雇主责任的归责原则、法律责任的承担以及雇主与雇员内部的求偿关系也做了一定的论述。通过比较适用无过错责任原则与过错推定兼以公平责任为补充原则二者间的利弊,指出我国的雇主责任制度应当适用无过错责任原则较为恰当。对于雇主责任承担的方式,文章从外部责任的承担与内部责任的分配两方面进行了论述。更多还原

【Abstract】 The employer responsibility is a kind of special infringement responsibility, which is clearly made law in different countries. But《General Rules of the Civil Law in PRO》has no clear statement . Domestic scholars have massive research and put forward many constructive theories, which are reflected in the Civil Code draft. This paper from the perspective of a comparative study of employer liability system and the establishment of internal and external aspects of the two recovery initiated discussions with the judicial practice and a summary of the experiences with a view to the employers’responsibility and accountability that make certain views and opinions.The article first part of the concept of responsibility from the employer based on the employer and the employer liability to a certain extent the concept of the definition, then discusses the theoretical basis for employer liability system-Several said that the liability of employers under attributable become practical effect -damage to fill more effective, it is our understanding of the system of employer liability which is a reasonable idea of the core values.The second part of the article focused on the responsibility of the employer elements think that employers should be responsible Elements considered in the following three aspects: First, the responsibility of the employer to set up a perpetrator (employees) infringement liability for the establishment of the premise. Secondly, employers and the perpetrator special relationship exists between, that is, the employment relations, the article pointed out that we should be judged as a control theory the existence of the employment relationship of the most important and most effective theory, and taking into account other factors comprehensive survey; thirdly, employee’s behavior belongs carries out the duty scope, and standard as well as the related special factor carried on to the employee duty scope’s general judgment has certainly analyzed.The article ends with the employers’liability principle,legal liability undertaking and the employer and the employee interior finally to the employers’ liability asks to recompense the relations also to make certain elaboration. Through the quite suitable non-mistake responsibility principle and the mistake estimated that concurrently take the fair responsibility as the supplement principle the two’s advantages and disadvantages, pointed out our country’s employers liability system must be suitable the non-mistake responsibility principle to be more appropriate. Employers assume responsibility for the way the article from external accountability and the distribution of responsibilities within the two areas discussed.更多还原