【作者】 张婷；

【导师】 郭海良；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 世界史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 伯格音运动是指13-14世纪在西欧蓬勃发展的以世俗女性为主体的修道运动。它以1230年的教皇训谕为标志进入兴盛期,在1311年至1312年的维埃纳会议(the Council of Vienne)后遭到冲击和迫害。其最初的发起者和发源地迄今仍未在学术界形成共识。由于欧洲各地的伯格音运动并无统一的组织和章程、形式各异、维埃纳会议后命运各异,因此,有必要对伯格音运动的研究进行区域界定。本文共分为三个部分,力图从尼德兰南部伯格音运动兴起的历史背景、尼德兰南部伯格音运动的发展状况以及造成这种状况的原因三个方面来理清13-14世纪尼德兰南部伯格音运动发展的来龙去脉,以期对尼德兰南部伯格音运动的形成较为全面、清晰和深刻的认识。第一章主要论述了尼德兰南部伯格音运动兴起的历史背景。11世纪以后尼德兰南部商业和城市的发展引发的社会转型导致了尼德兰南部下层教士和世俗男女宗教热情的复苏。然而,由于各种历史原因,老修道院、新兴修会的修道院、异端均不适合女性进行修道活动。11世纪后新的宗教思潮催生的大量与世俗女性有关的小型修道团体则为女性的宗教活动指出了新的道路。正是从这些分散的小修道团体中诞生了影响西欧特别是尼德兰南部数个世纪的伯格音运动。第二章主要论述了13-14世纪尼德兰南部伯格音运动的发展状况,分为三个部分。第一部分论述1239年以前尼德兰南部早期伯格音的组织和宗教特质。第二部分论述1233年后尼德兰南部伯格音运动的组织化和制度化即伯格音社区的发展。第三部分论述维埃纳会议的背景及其对尼德兰南部伯格音运动影响。第三章着重论述导致维埃纳会议后尼德兰南部伯格音运动继续顺利发展的原因。本文从教俗两界入手,结合这一时期的时代背景,分别考察了宗教、经济、文化教育等因素对教俗两界态度的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Beguine movement is a vigorous secular women’s religious movement in Western Europe .It lasts from 13^th century to 14^th century. The pope bull （A.D.1230） marked its rising, and the Council of Vienne （A. D.1311-1312） marked its fall. The academic community has yet to reach a consensus in the initiator of this movement and its birthplace. There is no uniform organization, rules and style in the Beguine movement across Europe. And then, the fate of the Beguine movement in different European districts after the Council of Vienne is different. Therefore, it is necessary to define the region while we research the Beguine Movement.This thesis is divided into three parts, consisting of the historical background of the rise of the Beguine movement in Southern Low Countries, the profile of the development of this movement and factors effect the development. It is hoped to make a comprehensive, clear and deep understanding of the Beguine movement in Southern Low Countries.The first chapter focuses on the historical background of the rise of the Beguine movement in Southern Low Countries. After 11^th century, the social transformation in the Southern Low Countries caused by the development of the commerce and city leads to the recovery of the religious enthusiasm in the lower rank of clerics and secular men and women. However, due to various historical reasons, old monasteries, new order and the heresy are not suitable for these women. Large number of small secular women’s religious groups born after 11th century make a new way for religious women. It is these scattered small religious groups give birth to the Beguine movement which effects Western Europe specially the Southern Low Countries for several centuries. The second chapter discusses the development of this movement, is divided into three parts. The first part is on the nature of the organization and religion of religious women before 1230. The second part is on the institutionalization this movement after 1230,specially on the Beguinage. The third part is on the background of the Council of Vienne and its impact on the Beguine movement in Southern Low Countries.The third chapter focuses on factors leading to smooth development of the Beguine movement in the Southern Low Countries after the Council of Vienne. This chapter is divided into to parts, consisting of the religious and secular circle,to find out the religion, economy, culture, education and other factors which and how effect the attitude of the two circles.更多还原