【作者】 唐师瑶；

【导师】 胡范铸；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 对外汉语教学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文的研究对象是现代汉语言语交际中的“不是+(主语)+v+(宾语)”这种口语交际中十分常见的语言成分。它本身有意义,但独立于句子结构之外,不与其它成分发生结构关系,去掉它也不影响整个句子言语行为意图的表达;从语用上看,它决不是可有可无的,一般将其称为话语标记语。本文试运用功能语言学和言语行为理论,对此作出新的说明。任何言语行为都旨在完成一定的意图,因此,根据言语行为与意图的关系,可以把言语行为分成两类,一类是意图性言语行为,这类言语行为直接表明交际的意图;另一类是支持性言语行为,或称为策略性言语行为,它们为言语行为意图的实施提供有效性。而“不是+(主语)+v+(宾语)”的作用是弱化言语行为的施事语力,它是一个粘着性的言语行为,一般都有后续的言语行为,更重要的是它的字面意义与后续的言语行为相反,只是在一定程度上标记了后续的言语行为,本文将其命名为标记性言语行为,它是支持性言语行为的一种。本文依托网络的受众性广与时代性等特点搜集语料,力求对“不是+(主语)+v+(宾语)”的结构特点以及语用特点进行全面的分析。论文共分四个部分,第一部分的对话语标记的研究进行综述,得出本文研究的出发点。第二部分确定“不是+(主语)+v+(宾语)”的概念名称,以言语行为理论为主要出发点。第三部分对“不是+(主语)+v+(宾语)”的否定标记“不是”、主语部分、能进入该结构的动词类型以及宾语部分进行考察和分析,并得这个标记性言语行为的格式变化形式。第四部分以韩礼德的语言三大功能理论为基础,对“不是+(主语)+v+(宾语)”的语用功能进行分析。“不是+(主语)+v+(宾语)”同时具有这三大功能,但是在具体的言语交际中,其人际功能特别突出,为核心功能,而语篇功能次之,它只在一定程度上体现了概念功能。由于人际功能为其核心功能,进而对人际功能的次类进行了分析,得出了降低话语命题内容的主观性功能、反映人际关系亲疏的功能、引起说话人注意的功能以及顾及说话人自己面子的功能四个次功能,这四个次功能在“不是+(主语)+v+(宾语)”的各个类型中也并非处于同一层级,在不同的语言使用环境中四个功能的某一种功能会显得比其它功能重要。最后根据语境假设说分析了“不是+(主语)+v+(宾语)”产生与存在的认知心理依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The object of study in this thesis is the "bushi + (S)+V+(O)"language element in modern mandarin speech communication. It has real meaning ,is independent of sentences stucture and has no constitutive relation with other language element. there is no influence on expression of the intention of the speech act that the whole sentence contain when remove it. From the view of pragmatics, it is essential language element and which is called "Discourse Makers" in general study.The study of this thesis try to use the theory of functional linguistics and the theory of speech act to make an new introduction. Any speech acts are aimed at completing a certain intention, so according to the relationship of the speech act and its intention, we can fall the speech act into two categories. One is intetional speech act, which indicate the intention of the speech act directly. The other is the supportive speech act(or is called tactical speech act), which afford effection when the speech act carry out. And "bushi+ (S)+V+(O)" is an adherent speech act, usually has a follow-up speech act. It is used to mitigate the illocutionary of the speech act. More important, the literal meaning of "bushi+ (S)+V+(O)" is opposite to the follow-up speech act, only mark the follow-up speech act to some degree. In this thesis, we call it "Maked Speech Act". It is a kind of supportive speech act.Depending on the extention and the times of internet, the language materials are choosen from it and try to analyse its characteristics of structure and pragmatics. The thesis has five parts. Part 1 gives the introduction of theory of discourse makers. Part 2 fixs the definition of "bushi+ (S)+V+(O)" on the basis of speech act theory. Part 3 focuses on every parts of the maker speech act. Part 4 to analyse the pragmatical function of "bushi+ (S)+V+(O)" based on the theory of language metafunction.更多还原