【作者】 罗静；

【导师】 邸芃；

【作者基本信息】 西安科技大学 ， 结构工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 我国既有建筑数量多、能耗高且围护结构的保温隔热性差。如何根据既有建筑物的特点来研究节能改造的优化方案、建立符合我国国情的建筑节能评估体系无疑将对我国的节能工作、环境保护和可持续性发展具有重大的意义。本文从寒冷地区的既有建筑节能改造入手,进行了一系列深入细致地现场跟踪调研。在此基础上,采用实地检测与计算机能耗模拟相结合的方法,结合西安地区的气候特征、既有建筑的现状以及冬、夏、过渡季节这三个阶段对围护结构不同的性能要求,研究分析了适合西安地区的既有建筑围护结构节能改造的措施。并以2007年西安市建委主持的“西安市既有建筑节能改造示范项目”为例,采用DeST-c软件动态模拟分析了围护结构的不同改造方案及保温层厚度对建筑节能效果的影响,并对最佳经济保温层厚度进行计算,分析了改造方案的经济性和投资回收期,提出了适宜西安地区既有建筑围护结构的节能改造方案。本文以西安市第二医院住院楼为实例,对改造前、后的围护结构传热系数进行了实地检测,并针对热流计法在非采暖期现场检测围护结构传热系数误差较大的问题,提出了误差修正的方法,使现场检测误差降低到5.5%。本文应用红外热像仪对改造前、后示范建筑的围护结构热工缺陷进行了检测分析,并根据节能设计标准计算了改造前、后的建筑耗热量指标及采暖耗煤量指标。不仅应用了性能性指标中的比较法对既有建筑节能改造效果进行了评估,而且应用了计算机模拟法(建立DeST-c的模型模拟建筑的全年负荷),综合评估出改造前、后的能耗和节能效果,验证了改造方案的合理性与经济适用性,为进一步开展寒冷地区既有建筑节能改造工作和能耗评估提供了一定的理论依据和工程应用方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 A large amount of extant buildings in China wasted high energy and poor insulated performance of building envelope. Thus it’s of great significance for buildings energy-conservation working, environmental protection and sustainable development that optimization plan of energy-conservation transformation and energy efficiency rating assessment system is studied according to existing building’s character.Based on extant buildings energy-conservation transformation in cold area and a series of thorough and careful investigation and study, by the methods of on-site tests and the computer simulation, according to climatic character, building energy consumption and different character on winter, summer and transition season, transformation plan about the building envelope suit for Xi’an were summarized and analyzed in the paper. Then, extant building energy-conservation transformation demonstrative project in Xi’an which managed by Xi’an Municipal Construction Committee in 2007 year is as an example and dynamic simulated by DeST-c simulation software, building energy conservation effect influenced by the different transformation plan of the envelope structure and thickness of insulations system is analyzed, and the best thickness of insulations system is calculated, economic efficiency and investment recoupment period of transformation plan is analyzed, at last the best energy conservation transformation plan for extent building envelope structure in Xi’an is bring forward.Hospital floor of Xi’an second hospital is as a example, heat transfer coefficient of building envelope is measured on site before and after transformation, aimed at the question that in non-heating period it will take large error by heat flow meter method. the modifying error method is raised, and measure error is reduced to 5.5%.The thermal defects of demonstration building envelope is measured and analyzed before and after transformation, and quantity index of building cost heat and heating cost coal is calculated according to energy-conservation design standards. Not performance index comparing method is used for evaluating extent building energy-conservation transformation effect, but computer simulation is used by setting up DeST-c model and simulating whole year loads of building for synthesis evaluating energy-conservation effect before and after transformation, and rationality and economy-applicability of transformation scheme is proved. The theoretic according and project application method is afforded for developing extant building energy-conservation transformation in cold area and assessment of energy consumption.更多还原