【作者】 李昂；

【导师】 贠东风； 文虎；

【作者基本信息】 西安科技大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,煤炭工业虽取得了长足发展,条件有所改善,但仍然存在着增长方式粗放、安全事故多发、资源浪费严重、环境治理滞后等问题,特别是安全事故多发问题令世人关注。矿井火灾是煤矿主要灾害之一,我国56%的矿井开采的是易自燃煤层,矿井火灾是一大突出灾害。火区的探测不论是对矿区早期的火区进行预报,还是对火区的管理以及灾后的救灾工作都有一定的指导意义。然而,由于煤层自燃火灾常发生于地下数百米深处,人员无法靠近以及火源的隐蔽性,使得自燃火源位置的精确探测成为防灭火的关键技术,也是一项世界性难题。本文基于同位素测氡法探测煤层自燃火源位置的研究,对煤层火源探测氡异常值分析处理技术进行研究。首先,探讨氡在固体介质中的传播机理,以氡及其子体和母体衰变后形成的复合团簇,成为氡及其子体向上迁移的内因即氡及其子体迁移时,可视为长寿放射性元素着手,得出了可迁移氡通过扩散、渗流、溶解与蒸发等机制经由介质的孔隙、微裂隙和裂隙中通过向土壤表面迁移的结论。其次,由于在表层上覆土中形成的氡异常信息较微弱,因此为了提高煤层火源探测的应用效果,应尽量减少或消除各种干扰因素。故接下来进行了在煤层隐蔽火源探测过程中氡异常的原因及排除方法。最后,利用煤层火源探测氡异常值分析处理技术对山西太原东山煤矿等矿的煤层自燃火灾进行了成功的探测和治理,为尽快消除煤层自燃火灾,保障煤矿安全生产发挥了重要的作用。这些研究为煤层自然火灾的火源探测提供了参考,有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although coal industry has developed so much with opening and reformation, there are still problems of great waste of resource and poor environmental control, especially frequent safety accidents. Fire disaster is one of the major hazards in coal mines, which brings great effect and economic loss to coal mines production because 56% of coal mines are prone to combust spontaneously in China. The detection of fire area can forecast early fire in coal mines and give beneficial references to safety management in fire area as well as rescue after accidents. However, the spontaneous combustion fire of coal usually takes place in hundreds meters deep covered underground, and people can not get close, so the accurate detection of spontaneous combustion fire position becomes the key technique of fire prevention as a worldwide problem.The paper researched on analyzing abnormal value of radon measurement in fire detection based on Isotopic Radon Measurement Technique to make clear position of coal spontaneous combustion. Firstly, it discussed mechanism of radon transition in solid medium. The radioelement radon and its children or matrix disintegrated and complex cluster formed, this was the reason of radon up-moving. So conclusion was drawn that movable radon moved up to earth surface through small openings and tiny crannies by mechanism of diffusion, seepage, dissolution and evaporation, etc.. Secondly, all kinds of interfering factors should be reduced or eliminated to get better application effects in coal fire detection because of weak radon information formed in surface layer soil. Then it analyzed reasons of radon measurement abnormal values and its exclusion methods during covered coal fire detection process. At last, using abnormal value analysis of radon measurement in fire detection as an application example in Shanxi province Dongshan coal mine, it detected coal spontaneous combustion successfully which has great significance to protect safety production in coal mines. This research gave great references to coal spontaneous combustion fire control and detection.更多还原