基于遥感和GIS的京津冀都市圈城乡建设用地变化分析

【作者】 徐辉；

【导师】 李小娟；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 我国处在城市化的快速发展时期,城乡建设用地规模不断扩大,分析快速城市化下城乡建设用地的特征和存在问题的意义重大。京津冀都市圈是指北京、天津与河北省部分城市所构成的区域,是我国的政治、文化中心和人口、经济密集区,在我国发展中具有重要的战略地位。该地区建设用地扩张问题也逐渐成为社会各方关注的热点问题。本文首先对1990年、2000年两期Landsat TM、2006年Spot4遥感图像进行解译,结合文献、统计年鉴、相关资料,运用GIS空间分析和土地科学学科的相关理论,从数量变化和空间变化两方面分析京津冀都市圈城乡建设用地时空变化的特点、扩展模式,获得该地区城乡建设用地扩展的规律,从而在理论上深化对京津冀都市圈建设用地研究。在数量变化分析方面,本文利用GIS手段和土地利用动态度模型、土地利用类型相对变化率模型,得到以下结论:京津冀都市圈1990年、2000年和2006年城乡建设用地的总面积持续增加,分别为11001.81平方公里、13786.14平方公里、15940.55平方公里;年平均变化率为17.8%;北京、唐山相对变化率较大。应用GIS空间分析方法,探讨该地区城乡建设用地的空间变化。首先利用邻域分析的方法对城镇用地的增长格局进行分析,得到热极迁移轨迹为:由2000年前的北京、石家庄变成2000年后北京、天津。热带迁移轨迹是:2000年前为京张、京石高速公路,2000年后为京津塘、京沪高速公路。研究发现,热极、热带轨迹的迁移,与京津冀都市圈各地区的相关规划的修改基本吻合。利用ArcGIS空间相关分析模块,进行城乡建设用地增长相关性分析。从增长面积来看,京津冀都市圈增长热点分布在东部城市,包括唐山、天津、沧州。冷点分布在西部的城市,包括张家口、石家庄和保定的西部。从增长速度来看,京津冀都市圈增长热点在北京及保定的北部,冷点仍然在张家口。分析城乡建设用地增长的方向性,得到该地区用地增长的走向为北少、南偏高。主要由于该地区西北部建设用地规模小、发展较慢。分析用地空间演变过程,得到京津冀都市圈的扩展模式为:轴向扩展、蔓延式扩展和飞地式扩展的时空演变模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is in the city of rapid development period, it’s important to analyse the characteristics of urban and rural construction sites. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area refers to Beijing, Tianjin and part of cities in Hebei. It is China’s political and cultural center location,population and economic concentration areas in the country’s development has an important strategic position. The Land in the expansion has become the focus of attention of all social problems.First, interpret remote sensing images, which are Landsat TM in 1990s and 2000s、Spot4 in 2006s. And analyse the changes of urban and rural construction sites,with literature, Statistical Yearbook, relevant information, use of spatial analysis and GIS land of scientific disciplines relevant theory, in two sides which are quantitative and spatial variation. To attain the rules of expand, which in theory is necessary to deepen the research for building the areaAnalysis of changes in the number of part of this article, using GIS tools and dynamic model of land use, land-use types of relative rate of change model, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area by 1990, 2000 and 2006 urban and rural construction, the total area of land continued to increase, respectively To 11001.81 square kilometers, 13786.14 square kilometers, 15940.55 square kilometers; changes in the average rate of 17.8 percent; the relative rate of change in Beijing and Tangshan are larger features.Application of GIS spatial analysis methods, discuss the urban and rural areas of the spatial variation of land for construction. Use the method of analysis of the field of urban land growth pattern to analysis, finds out the migration path: it’s Beijing, Shijiazhuang 2000s ago and afer it’s Beijing and Tianjin.hot-belt migration path: it’s the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Expressway 2000s ago and afer it’s Beijing-Shanghai. It finds out that the migration path is related to changes of plannings.Use ArcGIS spatial correlation analysis module, analysis urban and rural construction sites growth correlation. From the growth area, the hot spots are in the eastern cities, including Tangshan, Tianjin, and Cangzhou. Cold spots locate in the western cities, including Zhangjiakou, the western part of Baoding and Shijiazhuang. From the growth rate, the hot spots in Beijing and the northern part of Baoding, Zhangjiakou still cold spots. Analysis of the growth of urban and rural construction sites direction finds out that it’s fewer in the Northern, and more in Southern. Mainly due to construction sites in the region northwest of small scale development slow. Analysis of the evolution of land space, the area by the expansion mode: axial expansion, the spread of the expansion and extension of the enclaves-time evolution model.更多还原