【作者】 陈学记；

【导师】 李学良；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在查阅大量文献的基础上,总结了钒氧化物的结构、性质、应用及纳米材料制备技术进展,本论文选用溶剂热合成方法,制备了纳米有序钒氧化物,获得了二氧化钒及其它钒氧化物纳米棒、纳米线、二氧化钒纳米蜂窝和纳米棒阵列。用XRD、TEM、SEM、DSC、XPS等测试手段对这些材料分别作了物相、形貌、稳定性等表征。论文中以丁醇、己醇等单元醇作为还原剂,通过溶剂热法制备出了VO₂（B）纳米棒和线。研究了反应温度和时间等条件对产物形貌的影响。同时开展了以多羟基多胺、咪唑为还原剂的钒氧化物的水热制备,合成出了钒氧化物纳米棒。进行了锰和镍离子掺杂下的纳米二氧化钒的制备,得到了排列规整的纳米棒簇。分别采用静电场和逆重力方向生长作为辅助手段得到了纳米阵列和蜂窝状的纳米结构。研究结果表明:温度和还原剂在纳米棒的形成过程中起了关键作用。单元醇在反应中不仅起到了还原剂的作用,而且还起到了导向剂的作用,有利于控制产物的形貌,生成均匀的纳米棒和纳米线。文中将样品作为储电材料,测量了材料的电池和超电容性能,材料的最高比容量达520mAh/g,显示了较好的电化学性能。锰和镍离子掺杂优化了样品的电化学性能。锰离子掺杂量为2%时,比容量增加了13%。同时,用正己醇作为还原剂,150℃下水热法得到的VO₂纳米线,扫描速度为10mV/s时,比电容达到336F/g。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on detailed investigation of a great deal of related literature,the structure, property,synthetic method and application of nano vanadium oxides have been reviewed.We fabricated ordered vanadium oxides and acquired nano-rods,nano-wires of vanadium dioxide and other vanadium oxides,honey-comb structure and nanorods-array of vanadium dioxide with solvothermal method.The phases, morphologies and thermal stability of the products were characterized by XRD,TEM, SEM,DSC,XPS,etc.B phase vanadium dioxide was synthesized via solvothermal method with n-butanol, hexanol as reducing agents.The influences of temperature and reaction time on the product were discussed.Vanadium oxides were synthesized via solvothermal method with multi-hydroxyl-amine and imidazole as reducing agents.Nano-clusters of VO₂（B） were obtained by doping manganese ions and nickel ions and nano-rods array and honeycomb structure were obtained by the aidance of electrostatic field and antigravity growth,respectively.Temperature and reducing agent play key role in forming nanorods.Unitary alcohols,used both as templates and as reducing agents,can avail to control the morphology of the products and furter to form nano-rods and nano-wires.The properties of samples were tested as material of electricity storage and the materials showed good electrochemical performance:The highest specific capacity of nano-rods array reached 520 mAh/g.With the dop of 2%Mn,the value of specific capacities of the products increased by 13%and the maximum reached 586.3 mAh/g. Meanwhile,nano-wires of VO₂（B）synthesized via hydrothermal showed the specific capacitance of 336 F/g.更多还原