【作者】 杜润平；

【导师】 柴多里；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 润滑油是机械运转的血液，发动机要正常工作就需要使用润滑油。润滑油的性能又是和添加剂的选用密切相关的。润滑油和添加剂的发展经历了从初期的适应发动机要求，转变到需要更广泛地适应环保与节能的要求。在基础油中加入极压抗磨添加剂可以提高润滑油的极压性能和抗磨性能，减少摩擦阻力，延长机器的使用寿命。基于此，本论文合成了一种润滑油添加剂-新型的长碳链的含氮硼酸酯；一种润滑油修饰剂-硬脂酸修饰的纳米Fe₃O₄粒子。并通过四球机长磨实验测试了它们的极压、抗磨减摩性能。含氮硼酸酯的化学合成过程分两步进行，确定了最佳的工艺条件、探讨了反应方法、反应时间、反应温度对反应出水量以及产物的影响，总收率达85％。并以合成的含氮硼酸酯作为研究对象，考察了硼酸酯添加剂的水解性能。采用化学改性方法，在醇／水液相体系中，通过微波水热法，利用硬脂酸和纳米Fe₃O₄表面的羟基发生反应，制备了表面修饰硬脂酸的纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒。运用红外光谱、X射线衍射分析、透射电镜、在有机溶剂中的分散性实验等对纳米Fe₃O₄的改性效果进行了分析。本论文对含氮硼酸酯、硬脂酸修饰的纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒的抗磨性进行了测试，得出了不同添加剂对润滑油摩擦磨损性能的影响。将制备的添加剂分别分散于液体石蜡中，通过实验考察其摩擦性，比较不同添加剂对改善摩擦学性能的优劣。使用四球摩擦磨损试验机对其进行了极压和长磨试验，分别测试了最大无卡咬负荷、摩擦系数和磨斑直径，考察了添加剂在液体石蜡中的减摩抗磨性能。根据测试结果分析得出含氮硼酸酯作为润滑油添加剂最合适的添加量（质量比）为0．25％，硬脂酸修饰的纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒最合适的添加量为1．00％，两种单剂的加入都使润滑油的油膜强度与承载能力有了较大的提高，使润滑油的摩擦学性能得到了较大的改善。另外，本论文尝试将制备的两种润滑油添加剂进行复配后作为润滑油添加剂使用，探讨了硬脂酸修饰的纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒与含氮硼酸酯的协同减摩抗磨作用。结果表明，这两种添加剂具有较好的协同减摩抗磨作用，最佳添加量为0．50％含氮硼酸酯、0．50％硬脂酸修饰的纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒。复合剂摩擦学性能优干两种单剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 The lubricating oil is the blood that the machinery operated and it works normally to mobilize confidentially at the necessity of lubricating oil. Performance of lubricating oil are closely related with exertion of additive. The experiences of the lubricating oil and additive are asked to follow the adaptation with the motor in initial stage. After time, the experiences of the lubricating oil and additive are changed to need to widely meet the needs of environmental protection and energy-conservation. When mixed with the lubricating oil, the additive can improve lubricating oil’s abilities of extreme pressure, anti-wear and reduce frictional resistance, so as to lengthen the service life of the machine.This paper introduced synthesis of two lubricant additives. One is borate ester containing element of nitrogen, another is Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle which contains stearic acid at surface. And a four - ball tester was employed to evaluate its extreme pressure, anti-wear and friction-reducing properties.The borate ester containing nitrogen has been synthesized by two step chemical reaction; and it’s purity about 85%. This article found proper condition and discussed some influence factors, including the synthetic method, the reaction time and the reaction temperature. And which are regarded as the research object, to investigate the hydrolysising performance.Basing on chemistry modification method, stearic acid and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle are used to synthesize Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle which contains stearic acid at surface by microwave radiation with water and n-propanol. Then we analyzed it by IR, XRD, TEM and dispersion experiment.We analyzed various additive effects on tribology performance of lubricant by comparing wear resistance of borate ester containing nitrogen and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle which contains stearic acid at surface. We analyzed tribology performance of lubricant and compared the effect on improvement of tribology performance by adding additives into liquid paraffin. In this paper, the friction-reducing and antiwear behaviors of borate ester containing nitrogen and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle in liquid paraffin were investigated using a four-ball machine, and we have tested P_B, f and WSD. We evaluated the results of test and found the optimum proportion of borate ester containing nitrogen is 0.25%, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle is 1.00%. We also found the two additives both enhance the intensity and load of liquid paraffin and improve the tribological properties.At last, we made borate ester containing nitrogen and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle which contains stearic acid at surface composited as lubricant additive. The tribological behaviors of the synthetic products as additives in liquid paraffin were investigated on a four-ball machine. It was found that both the borate ester containing nitrogen and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle as additives functioned to significantly improving the friction-reducing, antiwear, and extreme-pressure properties of the base oil. We found the optimum proportion of borate ester containing nitrogen is 0.50%,Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle is 0.50%.This determined tribological behaviors of the combined additive is better than each individual one.更多还原