【作者】 周彦文；

【导师】 谭本杰；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验采用三因素三水平L₉（3⁴）正交设计,试验分两个阶段进行,研究不同赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸水平的饲粮对合浦鹅育雏期（0-4W）,育成期（5-8W）的生长性能、血液生化指标、养分表观代谢率、屠宰性能以及肌肉品质的影响,以探讨合浦鹅适宜的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸水平。试验阶段一选1日龄合浦雏鹅270羽,随机分为9组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10羽,分别饲喂9种不同氨基酸水平的饲粮,赖氨酸水平分别为0.85%、1.00%、1.15%;蛋氨酸水平分别为0.35%、0.45%、0.55%;苏氨酸水平分别为0.55%、0.65%、0.75%,进行为期四周的饲养试验,研究饲粮不同赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸水平对0-4周龄合浦鹅生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,以确定育雏期合浦鹅饲粮中上述氨基酸的适宜含量。试验结果表明:（1）饲粮赖氨酸水平对合浦雏鹅日增重和料重比均有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以1.00%处理的日增重最高,料重比最低;蛋氨酸水平对日增重和料重比均有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以0.45%处理的日增重最高,料重比最低;苏氨酸水平对生长性能无显著影响（P＞0.05）。（2）赖氨酸水平对血清甘油三酯的含量有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以1.00%处理的血清中甘油三酯含量最低;蛋氨酸水平对血清尿酸的含量有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以0.55%处理的血清中尿酸的含量最低;苏氨酸水平对血清尿酸的含量有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以0.75%处理的血清中尿酸的含量最低。综合比较上述各项指标,在本试验条件下,0-4周龄育雏期合浦鹅饲粮中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸的适宜水平分别为:1.00%,0.45%和0.55%。试验阶段二选29日龄合浦肉鹅216羽,随机分为9组,每组设3个重复,每个重复8羽,分别饲喂9种不同氨基酸水平的饲粮,赖氨酸水平分别为0.78%、0.88%、0.98%;蛋氨酸水平分别为0.30%、0.40%、0.50%;苏氨酸水平分别为0.44%、0.54%、0.64%,进行为期四周的饲养试验,研究饲粮不同赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸水平对5-8周龄合浦鹅生长性能及相关参数的影响,以确定育成期合浦鹅饲粮中上述氨基酸的适宜含量。试验结果表明:（1）赖氨酸对育成期合浦鹅日增重和日采食量均有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,以0.88%处理的日增重最高。蛋氨酸对料重比有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,以0.40%处理的料重比最低。苏氨酸对生长性能各指标均无显著影响（P＞0.05）。（2）赖氨酸对育成期合浦鹅血清中尿酸含量有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以0.98%处理的尿酸含量最低,对血清中甘油三酯含量有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,以0.88%处理的甘油三酯含量最低。蛋氨酸对血清中甘油三酯含量有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以0.40%处理的含量最低。而苏氨酸对血清中尿酸和甘油三酯含量均无显著影响（P＞0.05）。（3）赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸的水平分别与赖氨酸代谢率（P＜0.05）、蛋氨酸代谢率（P＜0.01）和苏氨酸代谢率（P＜0.01）呈显著正相关,并且苏氨酸对粗蛋白质表观代谢率有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以0.44%处理的粗蛋白质表观代谢率最大。赖氨酸和苏氨酸对精氨酸代谢率均有显著影响（P＜0.05）。（4）赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸酸对屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腿肌率、胸肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但是,随各种氨基酸水平的提高腹脂趋于降低,而其他各项指标趋于升高。（5）赖氨酸对育成期合浦鹅的腿肌嫩度和腿肌肉色有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以0.78%处理的腿肌最嫩,以0.88%处理的腿肌肉色最佳,赖氨酸对胸肌嫩度、腿肌和胸肌系水率均有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,以0.78%处理的胸肌最嫩,以0.98%处理的腿肌、胸肌系水率最小。蛋氨酸对腿肌系水率有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以0.40%处理的腿肌系水率最小,对胸肌系水率有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,以0.40%处理的胸肌系水率最小。苏氨酸对胸肌系水率和腿肌肉色均有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,以0.54%处理的胸肌系水率最小,以0.64%处理的腿肌肉色最佳。（6）赖氨酸对育成期合浦鹅的胸腺绝对重和胸腺指数均有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,以0.98%处理的最大。蛋氨酸对育成期合浦鹅的胸腺指数有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以0.30%处理的最大。苏氨酸对育成期合浦鹅的法氏囊绝对重和法氏囊指数均有显著影响（P＜0.05）,以0.44%处理的最大。综合比较上述各项指标,在本试验条件下,5-8周龄育成期合浦鹅饲粮中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸适宜水平分别为:0.88%,0.40%,0.44%更多还原

【Abstract】 Two-phase experiments were conducted to study the effect of dietary lysine,methionine and threonine on growth performances,blood biochemical parameters,apparent metabolism rates,slaughter performance and meat quality of Hepu goose.The orthogonal 3×3 factorial trial was used and 9 kinds of diet were designed to determine the proper requirements of dietary lysine,methionine and threonine of Hepu green goose(0-4W)and Hepu gosling(5-8W)In experiment phase one,270 one day old Hepu green geese were allotted to 9 dietary treatments.Each treatment of 30 geese had 3 replicates. The experimental diets were designed to contain 0.85%,1.00%and 1.15% lysine;0.35%,0.45%and 0.55%methionine;0.55%,0.65%and 0.75% threonine,respectively.The aim was to study the effect of dietary different lysine,methionine and threonine levels on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters,also to determinate appropriate levels of the three nutrients in Hepu green goose.The results showed that:(1)Lysine factor had significantly effect on average daily gain(P＜0.05),and significantly effect on feed to gain ratio (P＜0.05),The highest average daily gain was observed in 1.00%lysine treatment group;The average daily gain was significantly higher in 0.45% methionine level than in the other levels(P＜0.05);No significant difference on growth performances was obtained in dietary threonine treatments (P＞0.05).(2)The concentration of glyceride in serum was lower in 1.00%lysine treatment than in the others(P＜0.05);Methionine factor had significantly effect on the concentration of uric acid in serum(P＜0.05)and the lowest concentration of uric acid was observed in green goose fed 0.55% lysine level diet;The lowest urea acid in serum was obtained by 0.75%of dietary threonine level(P＜0.05)Comparing all quotas,under the condition of this experiment,the optimum lysine,methionine,threonine level for 0-4 weeks of Hepu green goose can be:1.00%,0.45%,0.55%,respectively.In experiment phase two,216 twenty-nine days old Hepu goslings were allotted to 9 dietary treatments.Each treatment of 24 geese had 3 replicates. The experimental diets were designed to contain 0.78%,0.88%and 0.98% lysine;0.30%,0.40%,and 0.50%methionine;0.44%,0.54%and 0.64% threonine,respectively.The aim was to study the effect of dietary different lysine,methionine and threonine levels on growth performance and relative parameters,also to determinate appropriate levels of the three nutrients in Hepu gosling.The results showed that:(1)The factor of lysine had significantly effect on average daily gain and average daily feed intake(P＜0.01),The highest average daily gain was obtained in 0.88%lysine level diet;The factor of methionine had significantly effect on feed to gain ratio(P＜0.01),The lowest feed to gain ratio was observed in group received 0.40%methionine level diet;There was no significant difference in growth performances among the 3 threonine levels(P＞0.05).(2)Lysine factor had significantly effect on the concentrations of uric acid(P＜0.05)and glyceride(P＜0.01)in serum.The lowest uric acid and glyceride in serum were obtained by 0.98% and 0.88%of dietary lysine level,respectively;The concentration of glyceride was significantly lower in 0.40%methionine level than in the other levels (P＜0.05);There was no significant difference in blood biochemical parameters among the 3 threonine levels(P＞0.05).(3)The apparent metabolism rates of lysine(P＜0.05),methionine(P＜0.01)and threonine (P＜0.01)increased with increasing lysine,methionine,threonine intakes, respectively;threonine factor had significantly effect on apparent metabolism rates of crude protein(P＜0.05).The highest apparent metabolism rates of crude protein was observed in treatment fed 0.44%threonine level diet. Lysine and threonine factors had significantly effect on apparent metabolism rates of arginine(P＜0.05).(4)No significant effect on dressed percentage, percentage of half-eviscerated yield,percentage of eviscerated yield, percentage of leg muscle,percentage of breast muscle and percentage of abdominal fat were observed among the treatment groups(P＜0.05) Howerer,with increasing amino acid intake,those indexes tended to increase expect abdominal fat percentage.(5)Lysine factor had significantly effect on cutting value of leg muscle and meat colour of breast muscle(P＜0.05).The lowest cutting value and the best colour of leg muscle was obtained by 0.78% and 0.88%of dietary lysine level,respectively;Lysine factor had significantly effect on cutting value of breast muscle,percentage of retaining water of breast muscle and leg muscle(P＜0.01).The lowest cutting value of breast muscle,percentage of retaining water of breast muscle and leg muscle were obtained by 0.78%,0.98%and 0.98%of dietary lysine level,respectively. Methionine factor had significantly effect on percentage of retaining water of leg muscle(P＜0.05)and breast muscle(P＜0.01).The lowest percentage of retaining water of leg muscle and breast muscle were obtained by 0.40%of dietary methionine level.Threnine factor had significantly effect on percentage of retaining water of breast muscle and meat colour of leg muscle (P＜0.01).The lowest percentage of retaining water of breast muscle and the best colour of leg muscle were obtained by 0.54%and 0.64%of dietary threnine level,respectively.(6)Lysine factor had significantly effect on the absolute weight of thymus gland and the index of thymus gland(P＜0.01). The higtest absolute weight of thymus gland and index of thymus gland were obtained by 0.98%of dietary lysine level.Methionine factor had significantly effect on the index of thymus gland(P＜0.05).The higtest index of thymus gland was obtained by 0.30%of dietary methionine level.Threnine factor had significantly effect on the absolute weight of gumboro and the index of gumboro(P＜0.05).The higtest absolute weight of gumboro and index of gumboro were obtained by 0.44%of dietary threnine level.Comparing all quotas,under the condition of this experiment,the optimum lysine,methionine,threnine level for 5-8 weeks of Hepu gosling can be:0.88%,0.40%,0.44%,respectively.更多还原