【作者】 陈国良；

【导师】 程贵海；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 采矿工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在国内许多诸如山东省焦家金矿开拓巷道掘进中,遇到了大量不稳固岩体,岩体主要以碎裂蚀变花岗岩为主,结构发育,裂隙面多,坚固性系数f=4～5,属于Ⅳ类不稳固围岩。若采用普通的爆破方法,极易破碎塌落,给掘进带来很大困难和安全隐患。笔者从有利于巷道维护的角度出发,对不稳固岩体巷道掘进的光爆技术进行了综合性研究。运用爆炸应力波和岩石断裂力学理论,对光面爆破的成缝机理(即启裂、扩展、止裂)进行研究,在分析光面爆破成缝机理的基础上,推导出了光面爆破周边参数理论计算公式。运用爆轰波理论对光面爆破空气垫层装药时孔壁的初始压力和准静压力作了推导,分析了不耦合系数大小对光面爆破效果的影响,得出了不产生压碎区的最佳不耦合系数。同时较详细地分析了影响光面爆破效果的因素并提出了有效的控制措施。在理论分析的基础上,结合焦家金矿-190m北大巷光面爆破现场工业试验,并运用多目标灰色局势决策原理,优化了一组适合焦家金矿不稳固岩体掘进的螺旋掏槽方式和光爆参数(最佳光爆参数是:E=450mm,W=550mm,q=0.22kg/m)。通过在焦家金矿不稳固岩体全断面一次光面爆破掘进的试验应用,取得了良好的光面爆破效果,控制了超挖量、巷道成型质量好、掘进速度快、施工安全性高。因此,本文的研究成果可为类似不稳固围岩巷进行光面爆破施工提供有益的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the development of tunnel drivage of many domestic gold mine such as Jiaojia Gold Mine in Shandong Province, encountered a lot of unstable rock mass, The rock mass is mainly disruption and alteration granite, Rock’s structure growth and many crevasse surface, and rugged coefficient is f=4～5, It belongs to IV kide unstable wall rock. If using ordinary blasting, rock is extremely easy to collapse, It can bring to the tunneling is very great difficulties and potential safety problems. From angle embarking of the author is advantageous to maintain the tunnel, Comprehensively researched to the smooth blasting technology of the underground unstable rock mass. Using explosives stress wave and rock fracture mechanics theory, researched about the cracking mechanism(opening the crack、Expansion、Fracture-arrest) of smooth blasting, On the basis of analysising smooth blasting’s cracking mechanism, Inferred theoretical calculation formula of smooth blasting’s Peripheral parameters. The initial pressure and quasi-static pressure of the hole wall was deduced with detonation wave theory when smooth blasting charged with air cushion, Have analyzed not coupling coefficient size to influence the effect of smooth blasting, Obtained the best not coupling coefficient without the squash area. Simultaneously has analyzed the factors of impacting smooth blasting’s effect and proposed the effective regulatory measures. In theoretical analysis foundation, Combined the smooth blasting industrial test in the North tunnel of Jiaojia Gold Mine and used the multi-objective grey situation theory, Optimized a group to suit the spiral cutting ways and the smooth blasting parameters of Jiaojia gold mine’s unstable rock drivage(the best smooth blasting parameters: E=450mm, W=550mm, q=0.22kg/m) . Through the experiment and application of using whole cross section smooth blasting in Jiaojia Gold Mine’s unstable rock mass, It can obtain the good smooth blasting effect, And Controll overbreak quantity、the tunnel forming quality is good、driving fast、the construction security is high.So, The research results of this paper can provide the beneficial reference for Similar smooth blasting construction in the unstable rock tunnel.更多还原