【作者】 周宇剑；

【导师】 昌国良； 欧阳新龙；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 学科教学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 数学运算技能是数学三大基本技能之一。可以说只要有数学存在,只要有问题存在,数学运算就存在。数学在各学科、各领域中的运用也是以数学运算技能为基础的。提高学生的数学运算技能,就为提高学生的数学成绩、培养学生的创造性思维打下了良好基础。探索提高学生数学运算技能的方法与途径有很强的现实意义。本文在已有研究成果的基础上,运用理论与实践相结合的比较分析法和实验分析法,分四个专题对提高职高学生的数学运算技能进行了探讨。第一部分,从技能—数学技能—数学运算技能,层层剖析了数学运算技能的内涵及其与数学技能、数学知识和数学运算能力之间的相互关系,并对其在数学及其他领域的地位和作用进行了阐述。认为数学运算技能的内涵与外延是清晰的,其地位和作用是十分重要的。第二部分,运用问卷调查与座谈会调查相结合的比较分析法,深刻分析了职高学生数学运算技能的现状及成因。认为职高学生的数学运算技能的现状不容乐观,他们在数学方面存在兴趣不高、习惯不好、基础较差、训练不够、从众心理等许多问题,数学陈述性知识缺乏或错误、数学基础知识识别得不够正确或准确、概括能力相对较差以及学生心理障碍性知情编码是导致数学运算技能差的主要原因。第三部分,根据智慧技能学习的层级论和信息加工心理学等理论,采用实验法,比较分析了采取科学适当的基本训练和必要的复习对学生数学运算技能产生的影响。认为科学适当的基本训练和必要的复习是提高学生数学运算技能的重要途径。第四部分,通过系统、深刻的研究,认为要提高学生的数学运算技能,数学教师必须具体分析学生的数学运算技能现状及其成因,在教学中要重视复习和指导的作用,要注重基本概念的讲解,要注意合理组织练习等等,只有这样,才能更好地提高学生的数学运算技能。并认为,这些启示对数学教师具有普遍的指导意义。同时,本课题研究的局限性和片面性也很明显,还有待进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mathematical calculation skill is one of the three basic mathematical skills. It is safe to say where there are mathematical questions, there are mathematical calculations. And mathematical calculation skill forms the basis for the application of mathematics in any other field. Therefore, improving students’ mathematical calculation skill will provide a solid foundation for better mathematics scores and higher creative abilities. As a result, it’s of great significance to exploring the ways and approaches that can improve students’ mathematical calculation skills.Adopting comparative and experimental analytic methods integrating theory with practice, this thesis, based on former researches, studies ways that can improve vocational students’ calculation skills from the following four aspects.Firstly, by discussing skills, mathematical skills and mathematical calculation skills, we analyze the connotation of mathematical calculation skill and its relationship to mathematical knowledge and mathematical ability. Then, explained are the roles and functions of mathematical calculation skill in mathematics and other fields. We think both the connotation and denotation of mathematical calculation skill are very clear and the roles it plays are very important.Secondly, adopting the comparative analytic method which includes a questionnaire survey and a conversational survey, this part profoundly analyzes the current situation of vocational school students’ mathematical calculation skills and its reasons. We think the current situation is not satisfactory. Because they are not interested, don’t acquire good study habits with poor foundations, or are lack of practice and initiative. They have little descriptive knowledge of mathematics, inaccurate or even mistaken discernment of basic mathematics knowledge, poor ability of generalizing, and even psychological blocks. And all these result in their poor mathematical calculation skills.Thirdly, according to theories of stratification of intelligence skill studies and information processing psychology, we adopt the experimental method to study the effect of proper basic practice and necessary reviewing on mathematics operation skill. And we draw the conclusion that proper basic practice and necessary reviewing are crucially important to improve students’ mathematical calculation skills.Fourthly, with systematic and profound researches, this author believes that, in order to improve students’ mathematical calculation skills, mathematics teachers must consider each student’s concrete situation of mathematical calculation skill and their causes. Also teachers must pay attention to reviewing and guidance, to the explanation of basic concepts and reasonable organization of exercises and so on. Only in this way can be effectively improved the students’ mathematical calculation skills. Furthermore these inspirations have general guiding significance to mathematics teachers.Meanwhile, this thesis still has apparent limits which need to be studied in the future.更多还原