【作者】 杨小玉；

【导师】 德永军； 王晓江；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以杨柴、沙柳、小叶锦鸡儿、蒙古莸、四翅滨藜5种沙生灌木的成熟叶片为试验材料,采用石蜡制片法,应用光学显微技术,观察了其叶片解剖结构抗旱特征,测定了叶片厚度、角质层厚度、栅栏组织厚度、主脉导管壁厚度、主脉导管直径等抗旱指标,并对上述抗旱指标进行主成分分析和隶属函数综合评价,分析各树种的抗旱机理,比较抗旱能力的差异,结果表明:1.5种沙生灌木叶片均具有多种抗旱解剖结构:均具有角质层、表皮细胞外壁加厚、栅栏组织发达、维管组织发达等;但无海绵组织分化,为等面叶。2.杨柴、沙柳、小叶锦鸡儿的抗旱机制属于耗水型,在有较为适宜的水分可供吸收利用时才具有较高的抗旱能力。3.蒙古莸、四翅滨藜的抗旱机制属于忍耐型,在缺少水分的情况下,仍具有较高的抗旱能力。4.各指标的综合载荷量和各指标隶属函数值对各树种的综合抗旱性评价作出的贡献所显示的结果是相吻合的。可以认为角质层厚度、导管壁厚度、导管腔直径、叶片组织结构紧密度是等面叶树种抗旱性叶片解剖结构主要鉴定指标。5.5种沙生灌木抗旱能力由大到小依次排列为:小叶锦鸡儿>四翅滨藜>杨柴>沙柳>蒙古莸。更多还原

【Abstract】 The drought resistance characteristics of leaf anatomical structure of Hedysarum mongolicum, Salix psammophila, Caragana microphylla, Caryopteris mongholica and Atriplex canescens were observed under microscope by paraffin-cross section method. The thickness of leaf, cuticle, palisade tissue, vascular tissues and vessel in and diameter were chosen as measuring indicators, which were evaluated by principal components analysis (PCA) and membership function synthetical evaluation method. Analyzed the mechanism of drought resistance and compared the differences on drought resistance ability of these species. Results showed that: (1) the five shrub species all have multiple drought resistance anatomical structure: thickened epidermis cell wall with cuticle, and well-developed palisade and vascular tissues, etc, but without spongy tissue differentiation on both sides of leaves; (2) the drought resistance mechanism type of H. mongolicum, S. psammophila and C. microphylla is water consumption, and the high drought resistance ability is only observed under condign water supply for usage; (3) the drought resistance mechanism type of C. mongholica and A. canescens is endurance, which still have high drought resistance ability under water deficiency; (4) the synthetical carrying capacity of all the indicators and the results of evaluation from membership function values on the synthetical drought resistance characteristics were consistent. The thickness of cuticle and vessel in, the diameter of vessel in and the affinity of leave tissue structures, therefore, were considered as the main indicators of drought resistance characteristics of leaf anatomical structure; (5) The order of drought resistance is C. microphylla > A. canescens > S. psammophila > C. mongholica > H. mongolicum.更多还原