【作者】 王静；

【导师】 郝丽珍；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 斧翅沙芥(Pugionium dolabratum Maxim.)为二年生草本植物,属于十字花科沙芥属(Pugionium Gaertn.),是一种集药用、保健、饲用、固沙等功用于一体的多功能沙生蔬菜。由于长期掠夺性采挖,该物种减少和灭绝的速度与日俱增,其早在1992年就被列入《内蒙古珍稀濒危植物志》,课题组曾试验采用迁地保护方式,来实现保护和扩大这一珍贵物种,但在多次引种于呼和浩特、包头等地的斧翅沙芥,露地植株其二年生返青率极低,保护地返青率能达80～90%,但种子的质量和产量均很低,因此本文以呼和浩特内蒙古农业大学科技园区日光温室栽培的斧翅沙芥(Pugionium dolabratum Maxim.)为研究对象,对斧翅沙芥的开花生物学、繁育系统及胚胎学等方面进行研究,旨在揭示温室斧翅沙芥开花生物学特性,探讨有性生殖对斧翅沙芥繁殖发育的影响,为斧翅沙芥温室繁种及迁地保护提供依据,主要结果如下:(1)斧翅沙芥生长期为153d,花期历时44d,单花期为3～4d。单花开放顺序为:散粉前期—闭花散粉—开放期—凋谢期;斧翅沙芥开花日动态为单峰,峰值在18:00―20:00。(2)斧翅沙芥在盛花期花粉萌发率是初花期的1.8倍是末花期的2.3倍,由此可见,盛花期的花粉生活力最强。(3)斧翅沙芥花粉生活力的最适检验方法是离体培养法。25%蔗糖+0.005%硼酸的培养基花粉萌发率最高;最适温度为25℃;最适培养时间是12h。(4)花粉贮藏的适宜温度是低温4℃。斧翅沙芥开花前两天柱头可授性较弱,当花开后柱头可授性增强,其中,开花后12小时到48小时最强,是授粉的最佳时期。(5)根据杂交指数、花粉胚珠比和套袋、去雄及人工授粉试验的测定结果表明斧翅沙芥为异花授粉植物,有明显的自交不亲和特性,不存在无融合生殖。(6)花药壁发育为双子叶型,腺质绒毡层。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为连续型。小孢子四分体排列为四面体型。成熟花粉细胞为三核型,具有三个萌发孔。以上研究填补了斧翅沙芥植物学研究空白,为杂交育种及繁种技术研究提供了研究基础,对斧翅沙芥资源保护提供了新途径,有着广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pugionium dolabratum Maxim belongs to the biennial herbs,the Cruciferae, and Pugionium Gaertn,It is a kind of vegetable, with officinal, hygienical, feeding and sand-fixation functions. Because of a long period predacity collection, the extinction and reduction of this species had been accelerated. It is as early as 1992, the study has been included in《The Rare and Threatened Flora of Inner Mongolia》.The discussion group has ever tried to introducted achieving protection and expansion of this valuable species. But the plants’s turning green rate is 0 in Hohhot and Baotou. Although the rate can reach 80 to 90 percent in protecting cultivation, the quality and quantity is quite low. That is why this paper is aimed to the study of this species planted in the Science solar-greenhouse of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. The cultivation of Pugionium dolabratum Maxim is planted to study in this thesis, linculding flowering biology, breeding system,and embryology. We attempted to reveal the characteristic of the flowing biology, and discussion of the flowing biological characteristics’s reproduction and development of P.dolabratum. The main results are as follow:1)P.cornutum, growing period is 153d, the florescence is 44d, one single flower blooming period 3-4d. P.cornutum reaches its full boom in18:00―20:00 on the campus.2)The germination rate of pollens in full-bloom stage is more big than initial flowering stage and last flowering stage. So the viability of pollen is most storage is in full-bloom stage.3)The the testing method of pollen viability of Pdolabrotum maxim is in vitro germination. The pollen of Pdolabrotum maxim Germination percentage reached highest on the media supplemented with 25% sucrose and 0.005% boric acid. The most congenial germination growing time and temperatureof pollen germination is 12h and 25℃。4)The storage of pollen is Low temperature (4℃).The acception of female stigma is strongest in the latter 12 hours to blossom. After 48 hours,weakens gradually is the optimum stage to pollinated .5)P. dolabratum should be a kind of cross-pollinating and entomophilies plant without capability of selfing by the total value of OCI ,the value of P/0, and the experimentation of bagged so on.6)P.dolabrotum is anther wall development follows the dicotyledon type, glandular tapetum.During the sexual reproduction, Tapetum is the secretory type.The cytokinesis of the microspore mother cell was of the successive type. The microspore tetrahedron. The mature pollen grains are 3-celled, 3-colpo-rate.The above mentioned study had supplied the gap of Pugionium dolabratum Maxim botany, the basic data to the crossbreed and preproduction techniques, and the new way of resours protection of Pugionium dolabratum Maxim. This study had broad applicaion prospect.更多还原