【作者】 程鹏；

【导师】 秦建敏；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球变暖的影响,近年来极地冰川和内陆高原消融幅度越来越大,给人类的生存环境、动植物的生长以及全球气候变化都有巨大的影响。在冰科学研究及其他众多研究学科中,极地和高原冰川的冰层厚度都是研究的重点内容。另外,在我国北方地区的江河湖海在冬季存在不同程度的结冰情况,影响了人民生活、水上运输、海上石油钻井平台及区部地区气候环境等众多领域。尤其是在2007年中,由于异常的雨雪冰冻天气的影响,我国南方的大部分地区也出现了大范围的冰冻现象,交通阻塞,输电设施倒塌,严重的影响了人民的正常生活和社会的生产发展。本课题针对日益严重的冰川消融和冰冻灾害的问题,提出了基于空气、冰和水的电容差异进行冰层厚度自动化监测的方法和手段。本文将系统地介绍基于空气、冰和水三者电容差异进行冰层厚度测量的原理,方法和实现形式。首先,本文首先论述了课题研究的目的和意义,总结了国内外冰厚测量技术发展现状,提出了课题研究的内容和方法。然后从基于空气、冰和水三者电容差异的机理入手,制作电容模型,进行了大量的电容机理实验,取得了大量实验数据。通过不断的实验改进和调整,最终验证了基于电容机理进行冰层厚度测量的可行性和可靠性。本文在对目前应用中的各种电容测量电路进行分析讨论的基础上,根据前期的电容机理验证试验结果,确定了基于交流阻抗法的电容测量电路,重点介绍了这种方法的原理,组成部分和实现形式。设计了基于MSP430的冰层厚度自动化监测系统,系统包括单片机核心电路、电容测量电路、温度测量电路、大容量存储电路,数据通讯电路等。具有低功耗、多功能、高精度的优点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the influence of global warming, in recent years, glacier of polar and inland plateaus have been melting more severely, which greatly effect living environment of people, the glowing of animal and vegetable and global climate. In research of ice science and other fields, ice-layer thickness of polar and plateau glacier is getting attention. In addition, resident life, water transport, offshore oil drilling platform and local climate are affected by frozen situation in various degree in northern aero of China. Especially in 2007, due to unusual icy weather of sleet, there were large-scale frozen disaster, traffic jam, collapses of electricity facilities, which severely damage normal life of people and development of society.For more and more serious glacier melting and icy calamity, our subject proposes a method and means to automatically monitor thickness of ice-layer based in capacitance difference of air, ice and water. The paper would systematically introduce the theory, method and how to realize. Firstly, the purpose and meaning is disserted with current measurement technologies of ice-layer thickness in the world and content ot our subject. Then beginning from the theory of capacitance difference between air, ice and water, I made capacitance model, did plenty of capacitance experiences and attained lots of experience data. After many experience improvement and adjustment, I finally make sure the feasibility and reliability of the method.In the paper, based in analysis and discussion of several measuring circuit of capacitance, a circuit to measure impedance with AC is certain to be used for measurement of ice-lay thickness. The theory, component and realization would be expressed.In the paper, the automatic system for monitoring ice-layer thickness on the basis of MSP430 is designed, including MCU circuit, capacitance and temperature measuring circuits, storage circuit, communication circuit of data etc. The system has the advantages of low-cost, multi-function and high precision.更多还原