【作者】 李姗姗；

【导师】 赵广才；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 试验于2006年9月～2007年6月年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所中圃场试验田和自动防雨水肥控制池(北京)进行。主要研究追氮和灌水时期对小麦产量、品质及生理参数的调控效应。试验分三组:第一组以漯珍1号、KZ6061、绿麦1号、绿麦2号、京冬8、皖麦38为试材,研究了追氮时期对不同粒色类型小麦产量、品质及生理参数的影响。第二组以济麦20为试材,研究了追氮时期对典型强筋小麦济麦20产量、品质及生理参数的影响。第三组以皖麦38为试材,研究了灌水时期对强筋小麦皖麦38产量、品质及生理参数的影响。主要结果如下:1.有色小麦叶片含氮量和旗叶硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)平均高于白粒小麦,因而具有较高的氮素代谢水平,籽粒蛋白质含量高于白粒小麦。绿粒小麦主要功能叶片的叶绿素含量要低于白粒小麦和黑粒小麦,不利于光合作用的进行,其籽粒产量也偏低。追氮时期对小麦品质和产量的影响不存在品种差异,各品种春5叶追氮的品质和产量参数均高于春2叶。追氮时期的后移可以拉大三种粒色类型小麦间籽粒总蛋白含量的差距。追氮时期对绿粒小麦和白粒小麦产量的影响大于黑粒小麦。氮肥运筹对黑粒小麦加工品质的改善有一定意义。2.对于强筋小麦济麦20而言,开花期追施氮肥能提高旗叶的NRA和叶绿素含量,延缓旗叶衰老。籽粒总蛋白质含量随追氮时期的后移呈上升趋势,并于开花期达到最大值。春6叶～开花期追施氮肥有利于提高济麦20的各项加工品质参数。开花期追肥在保证籽粒产量的同时,还能获得较高的蛋白质产量。3.春5叶～春6叶进行灌水能提高皖麦38的旗叶叶绿素含量,使叶片具有较高的NRA,并且能够缓解旱情,延缓旗叶的衰老。皖麦38主要分蘖(1蘖～3蘖)的籽粒总蛋白含量要高于主茎,且主茎和分蘖的籽粒总蛋白含量均随灌水时期的推迟而降低。灌水推迟到开花～灌浆期将对籽粒蛋白质的含量造成不利影响,而且此时灌水也会导致沉降值和干湿面筋含量的下降。籽粒产量随灌水时期推迟呈增加趋势,春6叶～灌浆前期进行灌水处理有利于籽粒产量的提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was carried out at the experimental station of the Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Beijing) form September 2006 to June 2007. The mainobjective was to study the influence of nitrogen (N) and irrigation on the quality, yield and physiologicalparameters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L).The experiments were included three components: The firstone was two-factor randomized blocks experiment with Luozhen1、KZ6061、Lvmai1、Lvmai2、Jingdong8 and Wanmai38 cultivars. The effects of N supply at different stages on yield, quality andphysiological parameters in wheat with different types of grain color were studied. The second one wassingle-factor randomized blocks experiment with strong gluten wheat (SGW) cultivar Jimai20.Theeffects of N supply at different stages on yield, quality and physiological parameters in SGW werestudied.The third one was single-factor randomized blocks experiment with SGW cultivar Wanmai38.The effects of irrigation at different stages on yield, quality and physiological parameters in SGW werestudied.The results were shown as follows:1. The results of the first experiment was showed that the protein content of N supplied at 5 spring leaf(SL) stage was higher than that at 2 SL stage. Average N content and NRA of leaves in color grainwheat (CGW) were higher than that in white grain wheat (WGW), and therefore CGW had a highlevel of N 0Hmetabolism. The protein content in CGW was higher than that in WGW. Chlorophyllcontent in main function leaves in green grain wheat (GGW) was lower than that in WGW and blackgrain wheat (BGW). The yield of GGW was lower because of the lower 1Hphotosynthetic rate under thelower chlorophyll content.The effects of N supply at different stage on quality and yield had nodifferent among varieties, and N supply on 5 SL stage was better compare with that on 2 SL stage. Nsupply at late stage of wheat growth could increase the differences of total protein content betweenCGW and WGW. N supply had considerable 2Hinfluence on grain yield of GGW and WGW. Nitrogenstrategies were very important for improve processing quality of BGW.2. The results of the second experiment was showed that for SGW cultivar Jimai20, N supply at anthesiscould suppress chlorophyll’s degrading, and keep the activity of nitrate reductase (NRA) at high level,and prolong the functional stage of the leaf. Total protein content increased with delaying of N supplystage and reached maximum at anthesis. N supply from 6 SL stage to anthesis resulted in higherprocessing quality parameters. N supply at anthesis could improve protein yield and grain yieldcoordinately.3. Irrigation from 5SL stage to 6 SL stage increased the chlorophyll content and NRA in flag leaves ofWanmai38, and relieved the drought. Total protein content in tillers (form 1st tiller to 3rd tiller) washigher than that in main shoot, and both of them were reduced along with delaying of irrigation stage.Irrigation from anthesis to filling stage could 3Hcause an adverse impact on protein content, and reducesedimentation volume and gluten content.The yield was increased along with delaying of irrigationstage. Irrigation from 6 SL stage to early filling stage was benefit for improving yield.更多还原