【作者】 吴明珍；

【导师】 朱永新；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 应用心理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 留守儿童是目前中国农村剩余劳动力转移过程中出现的,也将是在今后一个较长时期内存在的问题。目前这一特殊的群体已经引起了社会各界的广泛关注,学术界也对此进行了大量的研究,但目前多数研究还停留在对留守儿童规模、教育、安全等问题上,对其心理方面等深层次的影响,还少有研究涉及。长期远离父母的生活,孤独将是这类儿童首先要面对的问题,而家庭作为这类儿童所有问题的最终根源,必将是对这类儿童研究首先要纳入的研究变量,同伴关系作为儿童孤独感最好的预测源,也是研究儿童孤独感不可忽略的变量。在此前提下,本研究试图考察农村留守儿童孤独感的特点,及与其同伴关系、家庭功能之间的关系,并试图编制适用于农村儿童的家庭功能问卷。研究采用文献分析、开放式问卷、访谈等方法进行最初问卷题项的收集,利用形成的正式问卷——农村儿童家庭功能问卷,及儿童孤独感问卷、同伴提名法,于2007年12月、2008年3月份别对重庆、安徽三所农村中学共1150名农村初中学生进行了正式施测。研究结果显示:1、农村儿童家庭功能问卷具有较强的有效性和可靠性,可以作为评价农村儿童家庭功能的适宜工具。2、研究表明,孤独感存在显著的年级和看护类型的差异,而性别差异不显著。具体来说,初二学生表现了最高的孤独感,初一次之,而初三最低。由亲戚看护的儿童表现了最高的孤独感,同辈或是自我看护的儿童次之,曾是留守儿童、隔代看护、单亲看护三种类型的儿童之间的差异不显著,而由双亲看护,即非留守儿童表现了最低的孤独感。3、研究表明儿童的同伴关系与孤独感呈显著的负相关,即同伴关系越差,孤独感就越高;而家庭功能与同伴关系有显著的正相关,即家庭功能越好,同伴关系也越高;家庭功能与孤独感之间也存在显著的负相关,即家庭功能发挥的越好,其孤独感也会降低。4、研究发现同伴关系在家庭功能和孤独感之间起中介作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Left-behind children are appearance as the surplus farm labors transfer in China, and the group will be a problem in a long period. Currently, this phenomenon has drawn wide attention from all sectors of society, and the academia is also given the high attention to this phenomenon. But most of studies just described these problem and phenomenon simply, so from this view, demonstrating research is feeble and short of system in this domain. Loneliness will be the first and frequent problem which the left-behind children will face with. The family is the parent of all the problem of left-behild children, so it is the first variable when study left-behind. Peer relationship is correlate closely with Loneliness. Under this premise, this study tried to study the characteristics of left-behind children’s loneliness, and The Relation to peer relationships, family functioning. And attemped to designing The Family Assessment Device of The country of China. Based on overviews of former researches, the investigation of open-ended questionnaire, and interview, the initial questionnaire was collected. And then formal test 1150 rural junior middle school students used the formal questionnaire, and Children’s Loneliness Scale, peer nomination method.The result of the study:1. The Family Assessment Device of The country of China has strong effectiveness and reliability.2. There was significant grades and type of care difference on scores of loneliness, but had not significant difference in gender.3. Peer relationships had significant negative correlation with children’s loneliness. Family functioning had significant positive correlation with Peer relationships. Children’s loneliness had significant negative correlation with family functioning.4. Peer relationships has mediation between children’s loneliness and family functioning.更多还原