【作者】 孙淑晶；

【导师】 赵富才；

【作者基本信息】 聊城大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,高校中的贫困生人数不断增加。贫困大学生这一特殊群体在接受高等教育过程中,由于经济困难,正面临着学习、生活、人际交往等各方面的心理压力,从而表现出自卑、焦虑、抑郁、自我封闭等不良心理特征,这影响着他们身心的健康成长。如何帮助贫困大学生缓解心理压力,帮助他们顺利成才,是我国高等教育需要解决的重要问题。针对贫困大学生的心理压力,社会各界已提出了相应的缓解策略,如国家资助体系的完善与心理健康教育的实施等。为了给贫困大学生心理健康教育提供更科学更有效的理论依据,并制定系统、科学、有效的心理健康教育策略,本研究从自我接纳的角度入手,采用团体辅导的形式,探究缓解贫困大学生心理压力的新方法、新途径。本研究分为两部分,第一部分为自我接纳与心理压力的相关研究,通过对聊城大学二年级的568名大学生(其中包括144名贫困生)进行自我接纳问卷与大学生心理压力感量表的问卷调查,分析了贫困大学生自我接纳与心理压力的现状及自我接纳与心理压力的相关关系。第二部分为团体辅导的实验研究,根据筛选条件,从相关研究的调查对象中,筛选出30名贫困生组成团体辅导的实验组和对照组,实验组同学根据团体辅导活动方案,进行了为期两个月的团体心理辅导,从而检测了自我接纳团体辅导对缓解贫困大学生心理压力的干预效果。研究结果表明:(1)贫困生与非贫困生在自我接纳和心理压力水平上均存在显著的差异。其中,贫困生的自我接纳、自我评价水平显著地低于非贫困生,而心理压力水平却显著地高于非贫困生。(2)自我接纳水平不存在显著的性别差异,但在恋爱压力和挫折压力两个维度上性别差异显著,贫困男生的这两种压力水平要显著地高于贫困女生。(3)自我接纳水平存在显著的学科差异,文科贫困生的自我接纳水平显著地低于理科贫困生;心理压力水平也存在显著的学科差异,文科贫困生的心理压力显著地高于理科贫困生,尤其表现在择业压力、学校环境压力和学业压力三个压力维度上。(4)对贫困大学生的心理压力按照压力大小进行排序依次为:择业压力、情绪压力、学校环境压力、学业压力、人际交往压力、家庭压力、自卑压力、挫折压力、恋爱压力、健康压力、适应压力。(5)自我接纳与心理压力之间存在显著的负相关关系,自我接纳两因子与心理压力的11个维度间也存在显著的负相关关系。自我接纳、自我评价水平越高,心理压力及各维度的压力越小。(6)自我接纳团体辅导对缓解贫困大学生的心理压力具有显著的效果。此次团体辅导从贫困大学生的自我接纳入手,辅导结果检验中发现,不但贫困大学生的自我接纳水平提高了,同时心理压力水平也降低了。说明自我接纳团体辅导是缓解贫困大学生心理压力的有效途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, the number of impoverished undergraduates increases continuously. With the economical difficulty, this special group is facing with study, living, interpersonal communication mental stress when pursuing their academic studies. And comparing with non-impoverished undergraduates, they have much more unhealthy mind traits of inferiority, anxiety, depression, self-closing and so on, which influences their bodies and minds to grow well. How to help them to alleviate mental stress and help them to complete studying life is an important question for high education in our country.In accordance with impoverished undergraduates’ mental stress, various circles have given appropriate tactics to alleviate them, for example, country’s subsidization system and mental health education. To provide more scientific and effective theoretical basis for mental health education of impoverished undergraduates and formulate more systematic, scientific and effective tactics for mental health education of them, this research obtained from the angle of self-acceptance, used the form of group guidance, to probe the new way for alleviating the mental stress of the impoverished undergraduates.This research includes two sections, the first is the correlational study between self-acceptance and mental stress. In this research, 568 sophomores (including 144 impoverished undergraduates) have been investigated with Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (SAQ) and Undergraduate Mental Stress Questionnaire, through the investigation, I analyze the self-acceptance state and mental stress state of the impoverished undergraduates, and the relation between self-acceptance and mental stress. The second is experimental study of group guidance, based on the selected conditions, 30 impoverished undergraduates are selected as the experimental group and the control group for the group guidance from the subjects of correlational study. The subjects of experimental group have been guided for two months based on the activity plan of the group guidance to detect the intervention effect of the group counseling which is obtained from self-acceptance and to alleviate the impoverished undergraduates’ mental stress.Results of the research reveal:1) The level of self-acceptance and mental stress has significant difference between impoverished undergraduates and non- impoverished undergraduates. The level of self-acceptance and self-evaluation of impoverished undergraduates is lower than that of non- impoverished undergraduates, but the level of mental stress is higher than that of non- impoverished undergraduates.2) There is no significant sex difference in self-acceptance, but the sex difference is significant in loving stress and frustration stress, the two stress levels of the male students are higher than that of the female students.3) There are significant subject differences in self-acceptance and mental stress. Liberal impoverished undergraduates’ self-acceptance level is lower than that of non- impoverished undergraduates; but the mental stress level of liberal impoverished undergraduates is higher than that of non- impoverished ones, especially in fantasy stress, school environment stress, and academic stress.4) The sequence of mental stress from high to low is fantasy stress, emotional stress, school environment stress, academic stress, interpersonal communication stress, home stress, inferiority stress, frustration stress, loving stress, healthy stress and adaptation stress.5) The level of self-acceptance has significantly correlation with the level of mental stress, so do the factors of self-acceptance and mental stress. The level of self-acceptance and self-evaluation is higher, the level of mental stress and its factors is lower.6) The effect of group counseling which is obtained from self-acceptance to alleviate the impoverished undergraduates’ mental stress is significant. Not only the level of self-acceptance is heightened, but also the level of mental stress is lowered. This reveals self-acceptance group counseling is a value way to alleviate impoverished undergraduates’ mental stress.更多还原