中国大学生完美主义量表的编制研究

【作者】 李建伟；

【导师】 宋广文；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 完美主义是一种深刻影响人格的心理特征,与心理病理现象和非病理现象都有极为密切的联系,是在大、中学生,尤其是资质优异的学生中普遍存在的心理现象,已经引起心理学界与教育学界人士的关注。但是长期以来,在完美主义研究历程中存在着如下重要问题需要解决:对完美主义具体的心理结构的有效探索与确认;对完美主义适应性成分与非适应性成分的分离和验证;有效的本土化的测量工具的编制。本研究在综合分析与归纳国内外完美主义相关研究文献的基础上,借鉴词汇学的研究方法对完美主义的内隐概念和心理结构进行尝试性探究;对所搜集到的完美主义高频特征词语或句子进行了分类,然后依据分类结果进行了量表项目库的建立和完美主义心理结构的再探索,并对最后保留的量表项目进行了信度与效度的检验,结果得出如下结论:第一,从完美主义心理产生原因的角度考察,完美主义具有以下核心特征:自省、高标准、条理性、完美期待、担心错误、重要他人要求;第二,从人际关系的角度考察,完美主义由以下核心特征构成:自我导向的完美主义、与人比较倾向、他人导向的完美主义、社会导向的完美主义、他—他导向的完美主义;第三,完美主义可分离为适应性的积极完美主义与非适应性的消极完美主义二维结构,其中前者由自省、高标准、条理性、完美期待以及自我导向的完美主义、与人比较倾向构成,后者由担心错误、重要他人要求以及他人导向、社会导向、他—他导向的完美主义构成;第四,所编制的两个完美主义量表具有较为理想的结构效度和内容效度,其信度也达到了理想的统计学要求,内部一致性α系数在0.73～0.92之间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Perfectionism is a kind of mental feature that affects personality significantly. In addition, there has always been a close association among psychopathological phenomenon, pathological phenomenon and perfectionism. It exists universally in undergraduates and middle school students, especially in students of high quality, so that this phenomenon has been paid close attention by the experts in education and psychology. However, ever since a long time ago, there are several important issues that need to be resolved, for instance, valid exploration and recognition for the concrete mental structure of perfectionism, finding and verifying the differing aspects between adaptive elements and non-adaptive elements of perfectionism, scaling according to localization.On the basis of analyzing and inducting the related foreign documents, this paper has done a trial research to the implicit concept and mental structure of perfectionism according to the methods of lexics, and classified the collected diagnostic words or sentences, then established the list of items and re-explored the mental structure of perfectionism in accordance with the classifying, finally, it tested the remained items in terms of validity and reliability. Conclusions are drawn as follows:Firstly, at the angle of the causing of perfectionism, there exists several core features ofperfectionism, such as introspection, high standards, organization, perfect expectation, worryingabout mistakes, paying more attention to important others’ demands;Secondly, in terms of interpersonal relationships, perfectionism has such core features asself-oriented perfectionism, comparing with others, other-oriented perfectionism, sociallyprescribed and other-other- prescribed perfectionism;Thirdly, perfectionism may be seen as two-dimensional structure, i.e. positive perfectionismwith adaption, negative perfectionism with non-adaption. The former one is formed withintrospection, high standards, organization, perfect expectation, self-oriented perfectionism andcomparing with others. The latter one is made up of worrying about mistakes, demands ofimportant others, other-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed and other-other- prescribedperfectionism;Finally, the two scales are created with relatively ideal structure validity and content validity,moreover, their reliability reaches the ideal demands of statistics, a coefficient of internalconsistency is between 0.73 and 0.92.更多还原