【作者】 袁建明；

【导师】 叶元土；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 水产养殖， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以异育银鲫[Carassius auratus gibelio]为研究对象,在实用饲料中添加不同水平的Cu和Mn,研究了微量元素Cu、Mn对异育银鲫的生长性能（饲料系数FCR、特定生长率SGR）、部分生理机能（超氧化物歧化酶SOD、溶菌酶LSZ、谷丙转氨酶GPT、谷草转氨酶GOT、血红蛋白含量Hb）、器官中微量元素（Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn）含量的影响,同时探讨在异育银鲫饲料中Cu和Mn的适宜补充量和饲料中的总量。试验一主要是通过在饲料中添加CuSO₄·5H₂O,补充量分别按照2mg/kg、4mg/kg、6mg/kg、8mg/kg、10 mg/kg五个浓度梯度设计,经过8周养殖试验,进行生长、部分生理指标和14种器官组织中Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn含量测定,并进行饲料Cu补充量和器官组织中的Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn含量的相关性分析:试验结果表明,补充2～10mg/kg的Cu,饲料Cu含量为18.89～27.63mg/kg对异育银鲫生长性能的影响无显著差异（P>0.05）。特定生长率在6mg/kg组（饲料Cu总量为23.05mg/kg）达到最大值,为1.76±0.05 %/d;随着饲料Cu补充量的增加,饲料系数表现出先增加后降低的趋势,饲料系数在饲料Cu补充量为6mg/kg（饲料Cu总量为23.05mg/kg）时达到最小值,为2.00±0.08。各试验组溶菌酶活力、转氨酶活力无显著差异;饲料中Cu的补充量高于4mg/kg时,鱼体全血血红蛋白含量随饲料中Cu补充量的增加而下降,补充量达到8mg/kg以上时出现明显差异。肝胰脏是Cu的主要储存场所,而Zn主要储存于肠道中。全鱼、肌肉、肝胰脏中Cu含量随饲料中Cu补充量的增加呈上升后趋于稳定的趋势。当饲料中Cu的补充量为8mg/kg时,全鱼、肝胰脏、脊椎骨的Fe、Mn、Zn含量明显降低或达到平台。根据特定生长率、饲料系数、肝胰脏和脊椎骨Cu含量的回归分析,考虑到饲料Cu对鱼体部分生理机能及对全鱼、肝胰脏、脊椎骨的Fe、Mn、Zn含量的影响,建议在异育银鲫饲料中Cu的补充量为7.33mg/kg、饲料中Cu的实际含量为24.18mg/kg,以此作为饲料Cu含量的控制标准。试验二主要是通过在饲料中添加MnSO₄·H₂O,补充量分别按照20mg/kg、40mg/kg、60mg/kg、80mg/kg、100 mg/kg五个浓度梯度设计,经过8周养殖试验,进行生长、生理指标和14种器官组织中Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn含量的测定,并进行饲料Mn补充量和器官组织中的Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn含量的相关性分析:试验结果表明,随着饲料中Mn补充量的增加,异育银鲫特定生长率呈现出先下降后上升再下降的趋势;特定生长率在80mg/kg组（饲料Mn总量为139.88mg/kg）达到最大值,为1.78±0.04 %/d;随着饲料Mn补充量的增加,饲料系数表现出先上升后下降的趋势,饲料系数在饲料Mn补充量为80mg/kg（饲料Mn总量为139.88mg/kg）时达到最小值,为1.96±0.07。20mg/kg组血清GPT活力9.88±4.11 U/10ml显著高于40mg/kg、80mg/kg、100mg/kg组（p<0.05）;20mg/kg组肝胰脏GPT活力216.71±45.54U/10ml显著高于其他各试验组（p<0.05）;血清GOT活力40mg/kg组112.46±13.52 U/10ml显著高于20mg/kg、100mg/kg组（p<0.05）;肝胰脏GOT活力60mg/kg组137.37±29.10 U/10ml显著高于40mg/kg、80mg/kg组（p<0.05）。Mn元素的分布,主要集中在脊椎骨、鳃盖骨、头骨、肾脏,心脏。随饲料中Mn元素补充量的增加鳍条、脾脏、脊椎骨、鳞片、全鱼、肠道中Mn元素的含量呈上升的趋势,全鱼、脑、肝胰脏中Cu元素的含量呈下降后趋于稳定的趋势,肠道中Fe元素的含量先上升后下降趋于平稳,各器官组织中Zn元素的含量相对稳定,当Mn补充量为80mg/kg（饲料Mn总量为139.88mg/kg）时全鱼Zn含量最高。根据脊椎骨中Mn含量的折线模型分析,考虑到饲料Mn对鱼体生长、部分生理机能及对全鱼、肝胰脏、脊椎骨的Fe、Cu、Zn含量的影响,建议在异育银鲫饲料中Mn的补充量为80mg/kg,饲料中Mn的实际含量为139.88mg/kg,以此作为饲料Mn含量的控制标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 This present research was to evaluated the effect of different levels of dietary Cu and Mn to the growth performance(FCR,SGR),physiological enginery(SOD,LSZ, GPT,GOT,Hb),organic microelement on gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio).And this research was also to investigate the condign supplement quantity on the diet for gibel carp.In experiment 1,during the 8 weeks,the effect of different levels of Cu(2,4,6,8,10 mg/kg)in dietary on the the growth performance,physiological enginery(SOD,LSZ, GPT,GOT,Hb),microelemen(Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn)in 14 kinds of organs was investigated,and the relativity between the dietary’s and the organic’s Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn was else tested. The result suggested that the fish in group 6mg/kg (dietary Cu was 23.05mg/kg) perform the best SGR(1.76±0.05 %/d);As the growth of the supplement of Cu,FCR perform the increased current first and then decreased current,which performed the the best(2.00±0.08) in group 6mg/kg (dietary Cu was 23.05mg/kg).There is no difference in SOD,GOT and GPT among the groups;When the supplement of Cu exceeded 4mg/kg,the level of Hb decresed as the increase of the supplement of Cu;And the supplement of Cu was 8mg/kg,the difference in Hb was significant among groups;Liver and pancrease were the main apparatues for reserving Cu,while intestine was the main apparatues for zincZn. the level of Cu increased as the increase of the supplement of Cu in the whole body,muscle and hepatopancreas. And the supplement of Cu was 8mg/kg,the level of Fe,Mn,Zn decreased significant in the whole body, hepatopancreas and vertebra.This research suggested the condign supplement of Cu was 7.33mg/kg(dietary Cu was 24.18mg/kg).This result was based on SGR,FCR, regression of Cu in the hepatopancreas and vertebra, physiological enginery,the content of Fe,Mn,Zn in the whole body, hepatopancreas and vertebra.In experiment 2,during the 8 weeks,the effect of different levels of Mn(20,40,60, 80,100mg/kg)in dietary on the the growth performance,physiological enginery (SOD, LSZ,GPT,GOT,Hb),microelemen(Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn) in 14 kinds of apparatus was investigated ,and the relativity between the dietary’s and the organic’s Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn was else tested.The result suggested that the fish in group (dietary Mn was 80mg/kg) perform the best SGR(1.78±0.04%/d);As the growth of the supplement of Mn,,FCR perform the increased current first and then decreased current,which performed the the best in group 80mg/kg (dietary Mn was 139.88mg/kg).There is no difference in SOD,LSZ and Hb among the groups;When the supplement of Mn 20mg/kg, the level of serum GPT (9.88±4.11 U/10ml) was significantly higher than groups 40mg/kg, 80mg/kg,100mg/kg(p<0.05);And the supplement of Mn was 20mg/kg,the difference in Hepatopancreas GPT (216.71±45.54U/10ml) was significant among groups (p<0.05);When the supplement of Mn 40mg/kg,the level of serum GOT (112.46±13.52 U/10ml) was significantly higher than groups 20mg/kg, 100mg/kg(p<0.05); And the supplement of Mn was 60mg/kg,the level of Hepatopancreas GOT (137.37±29.10 U/10ml) was significantly higher than groups 40mg/kg,80mg/kg(p<0.05). Vertebra,Branchial bone,Crania, Kidney and Heart were the main apparatues for reserving Mn. The level of Mn increased as the increase of the supplement of Mn in the fim,spleen,vertebra, squama,whole body,intestines. The level of Cu decreased as the increase of the supplement of Mn in the whole body,brain, hepatopancreas. The level of Fe increased as the increase of the supplement of Mn in the intestines. As the increase of the supplement of Mn,the level of Zn was stabilization. This research suggested the condign supplement of Mn was 80mg/kg (dietary Mn was 139.88mg/kg). This result was based on SGR,FCR,regression of Mn in the vertebra,growth performance, physiological enginery,the content of Fe,Cu,Zn in the whole body, hepatopancreas and vertebra.更多还原