【作者】 张斌；

【导师】 文杰；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 民商法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 利益问题是科学上人们长久以来争论不衰的一个话题。本文以法学的视角,将利益定位于侵权行为客体,来对利益问题进行研究。本文的第一部分从法理学角度来诠释利益,首先讲述了古今中外的各种各样的利益观,其次,探讨了利益的内涵和外延,参考国内外学者们的观点,笔者认为利益就是主客体间的一种关系,这种关系体现为主体对客体的一种需要,并且能给主体带来某种好处。最后,比较了利益与相似概念如权力、权利、人权和法益的联系与区别,这有助于我们更好地对利益的定位:在一定意义上,本文的利益就是法益。本文的第二部分,是利益作为侵权行为客体的必要性和可行性分析。在前者,立法者的有限理性使我们不可能所有应当受保护的利益都通过权利的形式加以规定,这显然不当。制定出来的法律有时滞性的缺陷,往往跟不上社会生活的迅猛变革。在后者,自从法益理论介绍到我国大陆地区以来,学者们进行了深入的研究,立法和司法实践也尝试性地对部分法益比如一般人格利益进行了规定。国外也有丰富的立法实践和司法判例。这一切都证明利益应当而且可以作为侵权法保护的对象。文章的第三部分是作为侵权行为客体的利益范围,一般认为一般人格利益、死者利益和胎儿利益、纯粹经济损失等典型的利益应予保护。当然,也应该有所限制。笔者认为应从三个方面限制,一是从行为人的主观心理状态判断,故意或重大过失造成的损失应予赔偿,而一般过失和轻微过失则不可。二是从立法政策上考量,违反善良风俗、违反保护他人的法律等不予保护。三是应当用合理预见性规则来限制侵权损害赔偿的责任范围。如今,民法典的制定正在如火如荼地进行,侵权行为编的立法的已经提上日程。在此,以侵权行为课题为背景来讨论利益问题就有特别重要的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The question is on the scientific interests of the people has long been controversial ever a topic. Based on the perspective of Law, it will be located in the interests of violations object to the interests of research. The first part of this paper from the perspective of jurisprudence to interpret interests, first of all the ancient and modern on a wide range of interests and, secondly, the interests of the connotation and extension, the reference to domestic and foreign scholars point of view, I believe that is the main object of interest Between a relationship that reflects the main object of a need, and can bring some kind of the main benefits. Finally, compared with similar concept such as power, rights, human rights and legal interests of the links and differences, which will help us to bettertarget the interests: in a certain sense, this is the interests of benefits.In this paper, the second part, is the object of interest violations necessity and feasibility analysis. In the former, the limited rational legislators so that we can not all be protected by the interests of all the rights in the form of provisions, which is obviously inappropriate. Have drawn up the legal delay of the defects, often failed to keep pace with the rapid changes in social life. In the latter, since the law introduced to the benefits of China’s mainland, and scholars have conducted in-depth research, legislation and judicial practice and also to try some of the benefits such as personal interests of the general provisions. Abroad also has extensive legislative practice and judicial precedents. All this should and can prove that the interests of tort law as the protection of the target.The article is the third part of the object as an infringement of the interests, I believe that the general interests of personality, interests and fetal interests of the deceased, pure economic loss, such as the typical interests to be protected. Of course, should also be limited. I believe that three areas should be restricted, the first act from the psychological state of subjective judgments, intentional or gross negligence should be compensation for the losses caused by the general mistakes and minor mistakes will not be allowed. The second is from the legislative policy considerations, and breach of good practices, breach of the legal protection of others, such as no protection. Third, it is reasonable predictability of the rules should be used to limit damages for infringement of responsibility. Today, the enactment of the Civil Code and are in full swing, for violations of the legislation has been put on the agenda. Here, in the context of tort issues to discuss interest issues are particularly important practical significance.更多还原