【作者】 王英强；

【导师】 张全明；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 历史地理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 河北号称燕赵,源于先秦时期太行山东麓的燕赵两古国。燕、赵立国后,由于其历史传承、经济基础、地理环境的差异和决策者所实行的统治方略的不同,在其发展过程中各自走出了一条适合自己政权的道路,逐渐形成两种不同风格的地域文化:燕地文化和赵地文化。汉代的幽冀两州、宋辽的白沟河界,也大致都在冀中燕赵旧界附近,故历史上的河北平原南北两部在文化方面有一定的差异。本文借用河北地区广泛流传的“燕南赵北”一语为代指,试论述河北平原南北两地地域文化的差异及交融。先秦时期,燕地与齐地在地理环境、经济特征、文化信仰和一些制度表征上具有相似性,而与今天属同一行政区划的赵地有较大的差异性。燕国文化具有商文化和周文化的双重特征,而赵国的文化源出三晋,带有明显的法家智慧痕迹。燕地文化是一种由苦寒而表现的文化特征,而赵地文化是由社会经济繁荣而导致的一种文化特征。但两地文化都具有重义尚气的成分,成为后世燕赵文化中慷慨悲歌的基础。秦汉时期,失去载体的燕、赵两地区域文化也日见式微,秦汉时代“整齐风俗”运动使燕赵旧地的交流和融合更加频繁。但风俗文化具有延续性和历史传承性,幽冀两州部的地域特色依然存在。基于繁荣经济上的南部冀州在社会风俗、婚姻、学术文化上都与幽州地区不同。魏晋北朝时期是一个解构与重组的时代,是一个离乱与动荡的时代,该时代对燕赵南北地域文化的冲击是巨大的,在给燕赵地域文化注入新的血液的同时也加速了燕赵旧地的文化交融。然在燕赵全境胡化的状态下考察北朝时期该地颇具特色的儒学和佛学,仍可看出南北两地文化上的差异。唐安史之乱后,燕赵在经历一段时间的全境胡化之后,南北两地地域文化朝不同的方向发展:北部幽州镇继续保持胡化,南部成德和魏博镇在曲折发展中走向汉化。宋辽对峙时期,其两国边界大致维持在燕赵旧界一带,由于南北分属不同的政权,辽辖地域和宋属地域仍表现出不尽相同的文化特色。然辽宋夏金时期,历史的发展正处于“天下一体”向“中华一体”过渡的“前中华一体”时期,相应地燕赵南北地域文化也逐渐由“燕南赵北”融为燕赵一体。但需要说明地是,北京上升为全国的首都后,对燕赵地域文化产生重要的影响,在升华着燕赵地域文化的同时,也削弱着其地域个性,使燕赵地域文化发生新的变异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hebei province is known as Yan & Zhao, which stems from two ancient countries------Yan & Zhao that standing at the foothill of Mountain Taihang during the pre-Qinperiod. After the establishment of Yan & Zhao, they moved toward the paths that suited their political powers respectively in the process of development and formed two different styles of regional cultures gradually, namely, Yan & Zhao cultures because of their different historical inheritances, economic basis, geographical environments and different dominant plans implemented by the policy-maker. After that, Youzhou and Jizhou in Han Dynasty and the boundary between Baigou River of Song and Liao were also nearby Yan & Zhao’s old boundary. Therefore, there were some differences in natures, political areas and cultures and other aspects between north and south in Hebei plain. In this article, the author tries to elaborate the differences of regional cultures and their blending in Hebei plain, using the phase "south of Yan and north of Zhao", which was widely spread in Hebei district.There were some similarities in geographical environment, economical characteristics, cultural beliefs, system attributes between Yan & Qi in the pre-Qin period, but more differences between Zhao, which were in the identical administrative region today. The culture of Yan had dual characteristics that both of Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty, but Zhao’s cultural originated from Three-Jin Dynasty, which was left the wisdom trace of legalist school obviously. The culture of Yan was a kind of cataclysm culture by the initiation of bitter and cold, however the Zhao culture was caused by prosperous social economy. Simultaneously, two cultures had the ingredient of heavy loyalty, which became the foundation of generous elegy of Yan & Zhao culture in later generation.When in Qin and Han Dynasty, Yan & Zhao cultures, which lost carriers, were also declining day by day. In addition, the unprecedented "neat custom" movement in Qin and Han Dynasty, caused more frequent exchange and fusion in the old places of Yan and Zhao. But the custom culture has the continuous nature and the historical inheritance, it always inherites from one generation to another, so the characteristics of Jizhou and Youzhou region still exists. The south Jizhou, based on the promoting economic prosperity, was different from Youzhou area in social custom, marriage, academic culture,etc.It was time for setting at variance and reorganizing during the Wei-Jin-Northern -Dynasty. And it was a disorder and turbulent age. There was a huge impact on the culture of northern and southern Yan & Zhao region this time. While pouring new blood into Yan & Zhao culture, it also accelerated Yan & Zhao culture’s blending in the old place of Yan & Zhao region. However, when inspecting the multi-faceted Confucianism and Buddhism under the condition of minontization throughout Yan & Zhao district during Northern Dynasty time, we still might see the cultural differences between northern and southern places.After Anlushan Rebellion in Tang Dynasty, Yan & Zhao experienced a period of time of minontization throughout the country, and the northern and southern cultures developed toward different directions: The Youzhou state in the north maintained minontization, while Chengde and Weibo states in the south moved toward sinicization in the winding development.During the confronting time of Song & Liao, the two countries’ boundary maintained approximately the old boundary of Yan & Zhao. Because the north and south belonged to different political powers, the two countries showed different cultural characteristics. But the historical development time of Liao-Song-Xia-Jin was in the transitional period from "a world body" to "a Chinese body". Correspondingly, the regional cultures of Yan & Zhao also merged into one organic whole gradually from "south of Yan and north of Zhao". Something need to explain, after establishing the capital in Beijing, it has important influence on Yan & Zhao’s culture, while it’s sublimating the culture of Yan & Zhao, it’s also weakening its regional individuality and causing new variation of Yan & Zhao regions.更多还原