【作者】 夏阳；

【导师】 熊惠民；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 学科教学论， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 空间想象能力指的是人们对客观事物的空间形式进行观察、分析和抽象的能力。几何学是研究现实世界中物体的形状、大小与位置关系的数学学科。研究表明几何教育与空间想象能力的形成密切相关。学生通过立体几何的学习来把握空间图形,提高空间想象能力,从而更好的认识和理解人类生存的空间。国内外关于空间想象能力做了大量有意义的工作和有效的探索,但具体涉及到高中阶段的研究并不多。本文以空间想象能力培养为目标,针对高中生空间想象能力的发展层次及结构,提出相应的教学措施,为基础教育提供参考。并通过教学案例进行探索实践,最后运用调查测试,结果证明其可行性与有效性。首先对空间想象能力的概念、成分和发展层次进行分析。再通过对从几何课程对比说明对空间想象能力培养上的差异性。从对空间想象能力的影响方面,主要体现在:(1)从教学内容(三视图)到教学手段(教育技术)方面突出了空间想象能力的培养;(2)几何代数化也影响了学生空间想象能力的培养。其次探讨教师如何如何加强学生的空间想象能力的培养,建立空间观念。针对教学中的空间想象能力的培养的发展阶段,结合教学经验和教材内容,提出相应的教学策略:(1)丰富感性认识,建立表象储备;(2)训练文字语言、符号与图形三者的转化;(3)对空间表象操作能力的训练。最后针对空间想象能力的各个成分对应不同问题,设置问卷调查,了解普通高中学生在空间想象能力的各成分的发展高低。通过对高三学生空间想象能力的调查,反映出目前高三学生空间想象能力的状况是:高中阶段的学生已经具备建构空间表象的能力,但是空间表象的操作能力较差。并通过问卷的数据统计和对教师的访谈,对学生在空间想象能力培养的措施边调查边调整,提出教学建议。本文的创新之处在于结合目前的高中几何课程改革,针对空间想象能力的发展阶段提出相应的教学措施,并对高中几何教学过程进行探索实践。更多还原

【Abstract】 Space imagination refers the people’ ability in observation, analysis and abstract on objective things’ spatial form. The geometry is the mathematic study of an object’s the shape, the size and the position relations in the real world. It was demonstrated that the geometry education has a close relationship with the cultivation of spatial imagination ability. Through the three-dimensional geometry study, the students could grasp the geometric figure, and sharpen the spatial ability, thus better understand the human survival space. Previously, there was an enormous amount of domestic and foreign significant work and the effective exploration on the spatial and spatial imagination ability, but seldom connected with the high school stage. This article, which took the spatial imagination ability as a goal and, tried to elaborate the development level and the structure of the high-school pupils’ space imagination ability, and proposed the teaching measures for the elementary education’s reference. This article discussed as follows:First, Elaboration on the concept limits of space imagination ability and research results related spatial imagination ability. Elaboration on the influence of geometry curriculum’s change on the spatial imagination ability with the implementation of reform of new curriculum, On one hand, The cultivation of spatial imagination ability was highlighted from the teaching content (Three views) to the teaching method (educational technique); on the other hand, the geometry algebra would affect the students’ space imagination abilitySecond, suggestions on the corresponding teaching strategy which unified individual experience aiming at the problems in the teaching and learning of spatial imagination ability.Last, Uses the spatial imagination ability test, analyzes the high-school student the development level and the structure of space imagination ability. The situation is the high school student already has the construction space representation ability through the high-school pupil space imagination ability condition, but spatial representation operation ability was bad. Though analyzes the test, propose the teaching suggests.更多还原