【作者】 孟艳；

【导师】 华先发；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 学科教学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 中学英语教学大纲中明确指出:“写是书面表达和传递信息的交际能力。培养初步写的能力,是英语教学的目的之一。”现行的《英语课程标准》明确地把对“写”的要求列入了英语语言技能的目标中,它很注重培养中学生在书面上运用英语的交际能力。而且近几年,高考英语试题中写作分值也不断提高。高考英语成绩,在一定程度上能体现高中生的英语水平。然而,从近三年高考作文的难度及平均分,和2007年湖北省高考英语各大题的难度来看,学生的听读技能相对有所提高,而写作能力的提高却不甚明显,写作部分的成绩还未达到要求。写作水平差的突出表现是:多数学生由于受到汉语句子结构的影响,写不出正确、有效的句子;过多简单句;太多逗号等。而英语写作的成功与否在一定程度上,取决于学生写出的句子是否具有句法成熟性。为了指导学生提高英语句法的运用能力,美国教育学家Kellogg W.Hunt于1965年提出了“最小可终止单位”的概念,用来衡量英语句法的成熟程度。二十世纪七十年代,Thomas C.Cooper等人在以法语、德语和英语为第二语言的学生中进行了“句子组合练习对提高学生的二语句法的成熟性”的实验。他们的实验获得了成功。其实验组各项指标均好于对比组。八十年代中期,美国教育学家Hillocks广泛收集了1963-1982年间有关写作教学的实验研究资料共500篇,并用“元分析”的方法对上述研究加以统计分析。其中关于教学内容的“效果量”的统计分析显示:“句子组合”是非常有效的提高学生写作质量的练习之一。这项研究成果被认为是近年来西方写作教学研究中最具权威性的报告。从Thomas C.Cooper和Hillocks所进行的运用句子组合提高学生写作水平的研究中受到启发,笔者运用句子组合练习对其所执教的荆州中学的两个班级的学生进行了六个月写作训练的实验。该实验包括三个阶段:简单句组合练习、段落练习和篇章练习等。实验证明,句子组合能有效地增加“最小可终止单位”的平均长度,有帮于提高学生的句法成熟性,从而达到提高学生的篇章写作水平的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 As is clearly pointed out in the teaching program for the Middle School English, to foster the learners’ writing ability is one of the goals of English teaching.The Current English Curriculum Criterion for the middle school English teaching includes the requirements for writing as one of the objectives of the language competence students must abtain. Moreover, the score for writing in the College Entrance Exam is much higher than before in proportion.To a certain extent, the results in the College Entrance Exam can reflect the English competence of high school students. Assessing this fact, we have found that the students’ abilities of reading and listening have made great progress while the writing ability has not been quite obviously improved and some of the students’ writing score even has failed to reach the lowest standard set by the education authorities.So why has the students’ writing ability not been improved a lot? To me, the answer to the question is that the students are unable to be free from the influence of Chinese syntax, and thus they can not produce correct and effective sentences. Besides, it also has a lot to do with the students’ skillful manipulation of the English sentence structures.In 1965 Kellogg W. Hunt developed the minimal terminable unit, which threw a great deal of light on the measurement of syntactic maturity. In 1970s, Thomas C. Cooper did an experiment of sentence combining in teaching writing. After nine weeks’ training, he found that the writing ability of the students given sentence-combining practice was stylistically stronger than that of students in the control group. In the middle of 1980s, the American scholar Hillocks analyzed the data of 68 reports about teaching of writing and found that sentence combining was one of the most helpful methods of improving the student’ writing ability.Inspired by the study carried out by Thomas C. Cooper and Hillocks, I myself decided to do the same thing and have also found that sentence combining is a most helpful method. My six months’ experiment proves that sentence combining is an effective way to improve the students’ ability in terms of their sentence average length by means of the sentence minimal terminable unit. In view of its merit, this teaching method is of good help in practice to improving the high school students’ ability of English writing.更多还原