【作者】 张春燕；

【导师】 梁瑞；

【作者基本信息】 兰州理工大学 ， 化工过程机械， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 长输管道输送天然气是最安全、最经济的运输方式。但由于天然气的易燃、易爆特点,一旦发生事故,将导致火灾及爆炸等恶性后果及恶劣的社会影响。因此,输气管道系统的风险管理引起了各方面的重视,发展和完善这些技术刻不容缓。基于风险的检测(RBI)是西方发达国家近三十年来兴起的一种追求安全性与经济性统一的系统管理理念与方法。基于风险的检测是管道风险管理的关键技术之一。它是以风险评价为基础,通过实施基于风险的管道检测与评价得知管道的现状,并提出最适宜的维修方案,避免出现高额的维修费用,有效地预防各种管道事故的发生。它是保证现役管道安全、经济运行的重要手段。RBI应用范围很广,但就目前的情况来说,将它完整的应用于输气管道系统的风险评价还是一个尝试。本文首先介绍了基于风险的检测(RBI)技术的基本原理,阐述了RBI风险分析方法及RBI的实施流程。然后针对输气管道系统,对RBI定量风险评价模型进行深入系统的分析和研究,对设备修正因子F_E进行了修正,确定输气管道系统存在的破坏机理主要涉及三种失效模式,即腐蚀减薄、应力腐蚀开裂与外部腐蚀,考虑了输气管道的第三方破坏子因子,建立了输气管道系统的RBI定量风险评价模型。在所建立的输气管道系统的RBI定量风险评价模型基础上,应用面向对象的软件设计方法研制开发了输气管道系统风险评价软件。该软件具有友好的图形交互界面,简单易用;软件系统易于扩展和维护,可以适应输气管道系统风险评价技术的不断发展。通过对涩宁兰输气管线的调研进行了数据采集,应用输气管道系统风险评价软件对该管线进行了定量RBI风险评价,得到了各管段的风险排序结果。为管道的运行管理提供了具体的数据理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Long-distance gas pipeline is the safest and most economical mode of transportation.However,because of flammable and explosive characteristics of the nature gas,once an accident happens,which will lead to vicious consequences such as fires and explosions and adverse social impact.Therefore,the risk management of the gas pipeline system attracts the attention of various aspects,the development and perfection of these technologies admits of no delay.Risk-based Inspection(RBI)that has been arisen and developed in western countries,in the past 30 years is a concept and method of system management which combines security and economic.Risk-based Inspection is one of the key technologies of risk management of pipelines.It is on the basis of risk assessment,through the implementation of a risk-based pipeline inspection and evaluation to get the status of pipeline,which can be raised the most appropriate maintenance programs and prevent the emergence of high maintenance costs and pipeline accidents.It is an important mean that ensure the operation of the pipeline in-service safety and economic. Application of RBI is in a wide range,but in the view of the current circumstances,it is an attempt that RBI is applied to the risk assessment of the gas pipeline systems.In this paper,firstly,the basic tenet of RBI technology was introduced and the risk analysis methodology and the implementation process of RBI were explained.In view of the gas pipeline system,the quantitative risk evaluation model of RBI was in-depth analyzed and researched,and then the Equipment Modification Factor(F_E) was modified that ascertained the three failure models,thinning,stress corrosion cracking,external corrosion,which associated with damage mechanism in gas pipelines,furthermore the factor of third-party damage of gas pipelines was taken into account,finally the RBI quantitative risk assessment model of gas pipeline system was established.On the basis of the RBI quantitative risk assessment model of the gas pipeline system,the risk assessment software for gas pipeline system was developed with the object-oriented method.The software system has friendly and wieldy interface that is easy to use.The software system is maintained and expanded easily.By surveying She-Ning-Lan gas pipeline,the data were collected,then the RBI quantitative risk assessment of the gas pipeline system was done by using the software,the result of the risk ranking was carried out,which provided scientific basis for the operation and management of the pipelines.更多还原