【作者】 杨丽莉；

【导师】 曾向东；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 城市污水处理厂的建造及运行涉及因素众多,其效能影响重大而且深远。为了保证方案选择的合理性和总体决策的正确性,为最终方案的确定提供可靠的依据,就必须对拟选的所有方案进行全面的综合评价。城市污水处理厂综合评价是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及到社会、经济和环境等各个方面。以往的污水处理厂评价多从经济效益出发,忽略了其他方面的影响因素,存在一定的片面性。本研究从社会、经济、环境、技术等4个方面选择了具有代表性的19项综合评价指标,并给出了大多数指标的量化公式和标准化方法。之后,根据层次分析法确定各项指标的权重,再采用模糊综合评价法建立了城市污水处理厂的综合评价模型,相对于单一的经济评价模型更加合理和全面。首先,在综述国内城市污水处理厂综合评价的研究现状基础上,分析评述了目前评价体系已经取得的成果以及还存在的不足,指出了城市污水处理厂综合评价的发展趋势。其次,介绍了现有的系统综合评价的方法,在明确城市污水处理目标的前提下,根据系统分析的思想,选择了模糊综合评价理论作为总的指导思想,并结合城市污水处理厂的具体实际,构建了由社会、经济、环境、技术等4个方面指标组成的污水处理厂评价系统总体框架。第三,以熟知指标体系建立原则和指标体系的建立方法为前提,在评价系统总体框架的指导下,从上述4个不同方面着手建立了城市污水处理厂综合评价指标体系。并对指标体系中的定量和定性指标做了分析研究。在广泛查阅资料的基础上,对其中可量化的指标进行了较为科学的量化,并给出了评价指标标准化的方法。第四,根据系统评价的原则以及污水处理厂的具体情况,选择以层次分析法作为计算评价指标权重系数的方法。通过问卷调研,得出各项指标相应的三标度尺度表,经过分析计算,得出4个方面19项指标的权重系数。在权重系数确定之后,根据模糊综合评价的基本原理,建立了城市污水处理厂的综合评价系统。第五,对昆明市的水资源情况和水污染情况做了简介,并将昆明市现有的6个污水处理厂的有关数据带入综合评价模型。通过隶属函数法以及主观赋值法将昆明市6个污水处理厂的基本参数标准化,带入综合评价模型进行了4个方面7个指标的综合评价,由此得出三厂相对最优,四厂相对最低。该研究成果为今后新建和改造污水处理厂提供了指标上的参考。最后,总结了研究成果,同时指出了本论文需要进一步研究和完善的内容。用层次分析法加模糊综合评价法建立城市污水处理厂的综合评价模型,与现行的城市污水处理厂可行性分析中以经济数据为主的方案选择方法相比,更能客观的反映系统要素对整体的影响,使评价结果更为全面、科学、合理,为优化新建污水处理厂的设计方案和现有污水处理厂的改扩建方案提供了较好的科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction and operation of municipal sewage treatment plant involved many factors, and the impact of the performance are important and far-reaching. In order to ensure the reasonableness of the choice program and the accuracy of the overall decision-making, to provide a reliable basis for the final determining, made all-around comprehensive evaluation on all the project is necessary.Making evaluation on urban sewage treatment plant is a complex and systematic project which is involved the social, economic and environmental aspects. Previous evaluations of the urban sewage treatment plant were preceded more from the economic benefits; there are one-sidedness that the other influence factors were neglected.This study selected 19 comprehensive evaluation indexes from 4 aspects of the social, economic, environmental, technical, and the quantization formula and standardized method of the most indexes. The weights of the various indexes are confirmed by AHP, and the comprehensive evaluation model of urban sewage treatment plant is established by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, it is more reasonable and comprehensive than the single economic evaluation model.Firstly, on the base of summarized the comprehensive evaluation domestic of urban sewage treatment plant, the study analyzed the achievements and deficiencies of the current evaluation system, and it point out the development trend of the urban sewage treatment plant evaluation.Secondly, the study introduced the existing system evaluation method, in the precondition of nail down the aim of urban sewage treatment, according to the ideology of system analysis, the theory of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is chose to be as the guiding ideology, combine with the actual conditions of municipal sewage treatment plant, it constructed an overall framework of urban sewage treatment plant which is composed by the social, economic, environmental, technical aspects.Thirdly, in the premise of familiar with the principles and methods of the index system, on the guidelines of the overall frame of evaluation system, the evaluation index system of the urban sewage treatment plant was established from the above 4 different aspects. The study also gives the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative indexes form the index System. On the basis of a wide range of data access, the study gives the scientific quantification of the quantifiable indexes, and gives a standardized method of evaluation indexes.Fourthly, on the foundation of the principle of systematic evaluation and the fact circumstances of urban sewage treatment plants, the study used AHP evaluation method to calculate the weight coefficient. Through the questionnaire, it educes the corresponding scaling list to three tables of the indexes. After analyzed, it educes the indexes weight coefficients form 4 aspects of 19 indexes. After the weight coefficient has been determined, according to fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the urban sewage treatment plant comprehensive evaluation system was established.Fifthly, the circumstances of the water resources and water pollution in Kunming were brief introduced in this study, and the relevant data of existing 6 sewage treatment plants was put into the comprehensive evaluation model. The basic parameters of the Kunming six sewage treatment plants were standardized through the subjection function and subjective assignment, and the numerical value were put into the comprehensive evaluation model which contains 4 aspects 7 indexes, the result indicates that though the calculation of this evaluation model, the 3rd sewage treatment plant is the optimal, the 4th sewage treatment plant is the minimum. The research results can be a reference for the newly-built sewage treatment plant in the future.Finally, it summarizes the research results in conclusions part, and it also pointed out the content which is need for further research.Comparing with the present programs selection which is briefly according to the economic data used in urban sewage treatment plant feasibility analysis, the comprehensive evaluation model of urban sewage treatment plant established by analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation technique can reflect the influence of each system factor to the whole body more objectively, and makes the evaluating results more scientifically and reasonably, provides preferable scientific accordance for the optimization and selection of source pollution control programs.更多还原