尾矿库危险源分析及安全评价导则建议方案研究

【作者】 丁军明；

【导师】 黄德镛；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 尾矿库是矿山生产设施的重要组成部分,它实质上可视为一种人造的具有高势能的泥石流形成区。尾矿中还含有各种有毒有害物质,对周围生态环境和居民的身心健康构成极大威胁,直接引起重特大的尾矿库事故并不鲜见。随着工业发展,尾矿坝数量越来越多,坝体堆积越来越高,因此,尾矿坝的安全问题极为重要,作为一种特殊的建筑物,尾矿坝的安全稳定性关系到下游人民的生命和财产安全。国家安全生产监督管理局颁布《尾矿库安全技术规程》和《尾矿库安全监督管理规定》,并且对尾矿库进行安全评价,但是对尾矿库安全评价的规范性导则仍没有建立。论文通过对尾矿库库容和堆积坝筑坝工艺进行分析,利用极限平衡法,根据尾矿坝的物理特征、浸润线对尾矿坝的稳定性影响进行分析,得出尾矿坝稳定的关键因素。通过尾矿库安全的内在机理分析,对尾矿库各单元危险因素进行辨识及尾矿库事故的诱发原因进行定性分析,确定各单元危害因素和可能存在的事故隐患及其后果;建立危险源分级模型,对辨识出的危险源进行分级,编制尾矿库预先危险性分析表,并且对相关单元的危险有害因素提出相应的治理措施。找出尾矿库溃坝的基本事件,编制出尾矿库溃坝的事故树,通过事故树分析,指出尾矿库安全管理的重点对象。针对尾矿库的安全评价,划分评价单元,编制尾矿库的安全检查内容分析图,编制出尾矿库危险性分析及检查表。论文上述分析为尾矿库的安全评价导则的建立提供理论依据,在此基础上给出一个“尾矿库安全评价导则”的建议方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tailings Pond was an important component of mine production facilities, which can be considered as a man-made mud-rock flow formation with high potential energy essentially. Tailings have many kinds of toxic materials, which is a big threat to the ecological environment around and inhabitant’s health of body and mind, it is not rare that tailings pond’s great accident happenedWith the development of industry, there were more and more Tailings Dam, the height of Tailings Dam is higher and higher, therefore, the safety of Tailings Dam is vital, the safe stability of Tailings Dam relates to the safety of lives and estate of downstream’s people, GRF promulgated the < Tailings Dam safety technique rules> and < Tailings Dam safety supervising administration rules >, and made safety assessment to Tailings Pond, but regular guide of safety assessment of Tailings Dam is not constructed yet.This paper got the critical factor of Tailings Pond’s stability through analyzing Tailings Pond’s storage capacity and the technique of constructing Tailings Pond, by limit-balance method, analyzing the stability of Tailings Dam according to physical characters of Tailings Dam, soaking line. Through the analysis of inner mechanism of Tailings Pond’s safety, this paper identified hazardous factors of each unit and analyzed quantified the inducement of Tailings Pond’s accidents, determined the hazardous factors of each unit , possible accident peril and effect, constructed the hazardous sources model and ranked the hazardous sources, draw up Tailings Pond PHA(Preliminary Hazard Analysis)table, put forward management measures according to the hazardous factors of each unit, found the elemental event of Tailings Pond’s break, draw up FTA of Tailings Pond’s break, pointed out the safety administration object and factor through FTA. According to safety assessment of Tailings Pond, divided the assessment units, draw up the SCL, and quantified each of the investigated units. The analysis above supplied basis to the construction of safety assessment rule on Tailings Pond and put forward a suggestive plan of safety assessment rule based on the analysis above.更多还原