基于ARM与单片机无线传感器网络的研究与实现

【作者】 方文森；

【导师】 许大丹；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络(WSN,Wireless Sensor Networks)已经成为当前国内外的重要研究领域之一,研究表明无线传感器网络具有广泛的应用背景,特别是在特殊应用场景(军事或人员无法到达的地方等)中,由于目标区域的特殊限制,使得无线传感器网络的优越性得到很好的体现。尽管如此,这种网络还存在诸多问题,到目前为止,这项技术还处于研究探索阶段,因而无线传感器网络的研究是很有价值的。本文通过对现有无线传感器网络的分析与研究,设计了面向应用的“基于ARM与单片机的无线传感器网络”的体系结构,详细地描述了这一传感器网络节点的实现方案,并在现有通信协议的基础上,对传感节点的通信协议进行了综合改进与设计,最后结合无线传感器网络在环境监测和远程无线抄表中的应用进行仿真实现与相关分析。通过对无线传感器节点的研制、测试和组网,为今后进一步研究和实际应用打下良好的基础。本文主要研究内容包括:1、根据无线传感器网络技术的现状和其面向应用的特殊性,本文设计了“基于ARM与单片机的无线传感器网络”的体系结构,提出了根据这一体系结构所组成系统的具体操作流程,分析了它的主要特点,并给出了相关设计目标。2、在无线传感器网络节点的实现中,本文引入了多处理器的设计思想,并对长距离通信设计进行了探讨。3、根据无线传感器网络的特点,并结合现有的通信协议,本文提出了无线传感器网络介质访问控制和路由的具体方案,给出了伪码描述。此外,根据传感区域内节点的软硬件资源,编码实现了CRC改进型数据校验算法,并对各改进方案进行了效率分析。4、根据本文无线传感器网络的体系结构和软硬件的设计与实现进行组网。对本文“基于ARM与单片机的无线传感器网络”在环境监测中的应用进行了仿真实现,为今后进一步研究和实际应用打下良好的基础。通过本课题的研究,在一定程度上解决了无线传感器网络的研究都建立在仿真之上、与其它异构系统的接口定义不全、对网络拓扑动态变化等考虑不足、大部分有关协议的研究都建立在实验经验基础上等问题。由于采用面向应用领域这一特点来指导本文的设计与实现,因此使无线传感器网络具有更好的移植性、独立性和可扩展性。此外,多处理器设计思想的引入在一定程度上解决了无线传感器网络中异构系统接口的转换/互连问题。还有,基于竞争和时分多址的MAC协议及相关路由功能的捆绑设计有效地提高了节点的节能率,并且对网络拓扑结构的变化具有一定的适应能力。而基于软硬件之上的系统仿真实现,在一定程度上摆脱了以往对无线传感器网络的研究都建立在仿真或实验经验基础上的情况,使本文无线传感器网络的研究与实现更具有应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become one of the important research fileds in the world. Research shows that it has a wide-range application background, especially in the specific application scenes (such as military applications, environment monitoring, etc.), since the special limitation of target environmental area. All of these make the advantages of wireless sensor networks, which are very well reflected. Nevertheless, the network is also plagued with problems, so far, the technology is still in its research and exploration stage, thus the study of wireless sensor networks is of great value.Through analytical study on the existing wireless sensor networks, this paper designs the architecture of wireless sensor networks which is application-oriented and based on ARM and MCU. And detailedly describes how to realize the scheme about the nodes in wireless sensor networks. Besides, with the study of existing communication protocols, the communication protocol of sensor nodes is integrated improvement and design. Finally, combining with the application of wireless sensor networks in environmental monitoring and remote wireless reading meter, this paper does corresponding analysis of simulation experiment. By developing, testing and networking for the nodes of wireless sensor networks, these research results lay a good foundation for further research and practical application.In this paper, the main researches and results are listed as follows:Firstly, according to the status quo of wireless sensor networks technology and the special nature of its application-oriented, this paper designs the architecture of wireless sensor networks which based on ARM and MCU. It also puts forward the operating processes of composed system, analysises its main characteristics, and gives out relevant design goals by the architecture.Secondly, in the realization of the nodes in wireless sensor networks, this paper introduces the thinking of multiprocessor design, and discusses something about how to design long-distance communication.Thirdly, according to the characteristics of wireless sensor networks, and combined with existing communication protocols, this paper puts forward how to realize media access control and routing function with pseudo-code description. Besides, in consideration of the software and hardware resources of the nodes which exist in sensor area, this paper realizes the improved CRC data checksum algorithm, and gives out corresponding efficiency analysis.Fourthly, according to the architecture of wireless sensor networks and the implementation of software and haredware, by networking and doing simulation experiment for the application of wireless sensor networks which based on ARM and MCU in environmental monitoring, this paper lays a good foundation for further research and practical application.Through the study with the subject, to a certain extent solved these problems:1. Most study of wireless sensor networks only has been established on simulation.2. The interface definition with other heterogeneous systems is not complete.3. The consideration on the dynamic network topology changes is not adequate.4. The majority of research on communication protocols is built on experimental experience.As using the feature of application-oriented to guide the design and implementation in this paper, the wireless sensor networks have better portability, independence and expandability. Besides, by introducing the thinking of multiprocessor design, to a certain extent solved the problem of conversion or interconnection of the interface among heterogeneous system in wireless sensor networks. Furthermore, the media access control protocol, which based on competition and TDMA, is binding design on some routing function. So it has effectively improved the energy-saving rate of the nodes. And the network also has certain adaptability to the network topology changes. The implement of system simulation which based on the software and hardware, to a certain extent breaks the past research of wireless sensor networks away from experimental experience and simulation. So in this paper the research and implementation for the wireless sensor networks is more value.更多还原