【作者】 郑文立；

【导师】 郭兴；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 物流技术与装备， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球经济贸易一体化的愈演愈烈,国际间贸易量迅猛增长,集装箱作为国际货运的主要载体,其扮演的角色也愈来愈重要。目前,中国已经成为世界制造业的中心,使得港口集装箱运输也保持了高速的发展,吞吐总量已连续五年排名全球第一。在现代集装箱码头,港口物流管理水平和信息化水平的高低已经成为制约集装箱运输发展的关键。在这一背景下,应用RFID技术来记载和采集集装箱运输中的各种物流信息是大势所趋,同时该技术还可以对集装箱运输的物流信息进行实时跟踪,消除集装箱在运输过程中的错箱、漏箱。这一技术的应用极大地提高集装箱运输的工作效率,不仅改善集装箱进港通关速度,而且可以保障集装箱运输的安全性和可靠性,从而全面提升集装箱服务水平。然而,目前国外仅有几家公司专门研究应用于集装箱运输业的RFID技术,国内从事这方面研究及设计的公司更少。本文在集装箱电子标签部分做了一些针对性的研究和设计,主要工作及研究内容有以下几个方面。根据集装箱环境需求分析,结合当前国内集装箱电子标签的应用现状,介绍了基本的集装箱射频识别应用系统。采用2.45GHz通信频段的有源电子标签作为集装箱信息载体;结合国际标准18000-6B和18000-6C,对IS010374《集装箱自动识别》国际标准提出了补充性的建议。本论文设计的标签选用TI公司的低功耗MSP430F1232为微控芯片,选用挪威Nodic公司的双向无线射频收发芯片nRF2401,实现了系统控制、数据发送＼接收控制、串口通讯、无线射频通信等功能;结合芯片内部功能,设计了低电压检测电路;根据微带线原理,设计了适合本标签的高频天线;最后在IAREmbedded Workbench编译环境下完成软件的编写与调试,实现数据的可靠收发。探讨了电子标签的防碰撞机制。分析了多路存取理论,比较目前RFID技术常用的几种防碰撞算法。根据集装箱识别系统,设计了基于时隙ALOHA算法的自适应防碰撞算法,可以有效地改善信道利用率,降低系统功耗。分析了标签与读写器数据传输的安全机制。在传统的相互对称鉴别理论的基础上,重点分析了DES数据加密算法,完成了系统DES数据加密算法的加密/解密的程序设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of global economic integration, the amount of international trade rises rapidly. Container, the main carrier of international transport, plays a much more important role in the trade. Now, China has been the center of world manufacture, which leads to a rapid development of freight container transport and the throughput has been ranged top for five years. In modern container terminal, the ability of logistic management and informationization has been the critical factor for the development of container transport.In this condition, it’s necessary to record and collect the logistic information during the transportation by RFID, besides, it can do a real-time trace to the information, so the mistakes can be reduced. The application of the technology will raise the efficiency by raising the put-in speed, besides, it will provide with guarantee of safety and reliability so that the service level will be raised comprehensively. However, there are quite few companies studying RFID technology in this field oversea, much fewer in China.The paper does some basic work about freight container RF tag, the main contents includes:According to the demand analysis of container and actuality of RF tag incontainer port, the paper simulates RFID radio frequency identification system taking2.45GHz active tag as the carrier, besides, it gives some advice to international stand《Freight containers—Automatic identification》according to 18000-6B and18000-6C.The tags designed in this paper use MSP430F1232 as MCU and nRF2401 as RF module. And according to the inner function, then the low-battery detecting electrocircuit has been designed. Besides, ultra-frequency antenna which fits the tag has been designed according to microstrip line theory. At last, the functions such as, system control, data TXD/RXD, serial communication, RF were realized. The software was programmed and debugged under IAR Embedded Workbench compiled environment so that the date can receive and dispatch safely.The paper studies the mechanism of RF tag anti-collision, besides, it makes a comparison between some algorithms of anti-collision. According to automatic identification of freight containers, self-adapting anti-collision algorithms designed based on slotted ALOHA algorithms, which raise the efficiency of channel and reduce the power consumption.The paper analyses the data transmit safety mechanism of RF tag and reader. Based on the traditional symmetry distinguish theory, the paper emphasis on algorithms of data encryption standard and completes the encrypt/decrypt program of DES data encrypt algorithms.更多还原