【作者】 郭万里；

【导师】 麦立强；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 一维纳米结构材料,因其形状的各向异性而具有优异的物化特性,已在纳米电子学、纳米光电子学、超高密度存储、扫描探针显微镜以及隐身材料等方面显示出潜在的应用前景。随着对其组成、形貌、尺寸以及组装的人为可控,一维纳米材料得以充分的展示和应用。本文在综述了当前关于一维纳米材料的合成与组装技术最新进展的基础上,利用流变相自组装法和微乳液法合成了一维钒氧化物纳米材料,研究了不同组装技术对钒氧化物纳米结构的影响。主要内容和结果如下:采用流变相自组装法合成VO₂纳米棒,纳米棒尺寸不均匀,团聚现象明显,价键分析发现纳米棒表面没有任何有机物的存在。采用微乳液法合成了尺寸均匀的钒氧化物超细纳米线,由于有机物的存在,纳米线未出现团聚现象,并且自组装成蒲公英状的超结构。延长反应时间或增大反应物浓度,纳米线和蒲公英结构在形貌保持不变的情况下尺寸得到有效控制。此外,纳米线在氯仿中能够单分散形成稳定的胶体溶液,研究了该溶液的光致发光性能,通过机理分析发现其丰富的发光谱带分别归属于电荷迁移机制引起的自由激子发光、量子限域效应引起的束缚激子发光、纳米态下某一能级电子跃迁引起的发光以及缺陷能级引起的发光。将流变相自组装法合成的VO₂纳米棒经过熔融硬脂酸甲苯溶液预处理以后通过微乳液法解决了其团聚问题,使得其在氯仿中具有了很好的单分散性。表面功能化处理后的纳米棒进行了表面分析,结合超细微粒的分散理论,揭示了纳米棒基于空间位阻稳定和静电位阻稳定的单分散机理。建立了钒氧化物纳米蒲公英超结构的组装模型,解释了其模板诱导、有机诱导和疏水作用诱导的分子自组装机理。利用溶剂挥发自组装技术,分别采用氯仿和乙醇为溶剂,实现了钒氧化物超细纳米线从三维蒲公英结构到边对边排列的二维超晶格结构、三维网格状超结构和一维束状结构的可控组装。分析了不同溶剂和基底对自组装行为的作用机理。采用LB技术组装VO₂纳米棒,获得了（001）晶面取向和局部区域定向排列的LB膜。通过π-A曲线、形貌和XRD分析,研究了单分子膜行为。磁性能研究表明VO₂纳米棒LB膜为顺磁性。更多还原

【Abstract】 One-dimensional （1D） nanostructure materials, which have excellent physical and chemical properties because of the shape anisotropy, have potential applications in nanoelectronics, nanooptoelectronics, ultra-density storage, scanning probe microscope, stealth material and so on. Along with the artificial controlling of constitute, shape, size and assembly, 1D nanomaterials were applied sufficiently. Here we reviewed the recent development of 1D nanomaterials. 1D vanadium oxide nanomaterials were synthesized by rheological phase self-assembly and microemulsion approach. The nanostructure of vanadium oxide with different assembling technique was studied. Main study content and results are as follows:VO₂ nanorods were synthesized by rheological self-assembly method. The nanorods were non-uniform in size and aggregated greatly, and without organics on the surface. The vanadium oxide ultra-narrow nanowires with uniform size were synthesized by microemulsion method and self-assemblied to dandelion-like superstructure with no aggregation because of the organics on the surface. As reaction time extends or reactant concentration increase, the sizes of nanowires and dandelions increased with no changes in the shape. Furthermore, vanadium oxide nanowires could be monodispersed in chloroform to form stable colloidal solution. The photoluminescence （PL） property of the solution was studied. Via mechanism analysis, the rich photoluminescent bands were attributed to free exciton caused by charge transfer, bondage exciton caused by quantum confinement effect, electron transition from a level of nanometer state and defect energy level, separately.VO₂ nanorods prepared by rheological self-assembly method were functionalized via melted stearic acid toluene solution followed by microemulsion. These rods were rendered hydrophobic and monodispersed in chloroform. By the surface analysis of functionalized nanorods and dispersive theory of ultra-fine particle, the steric and electrostatic stabilization monodispersed mechanism was revealed.The assembling model of vanadium oxide nano-dandelion superstructure was established. The molecule self-assembly mechanism of template inducement, organic molecule inducement and hydrophobic interaction inducement was revealed. Based on the solvent volatilization self-assembly technique, and the chloroform and alcohol used as the solvent, the superstructure of vanadium oxide ultra-narrow nanowires was controlled from 3D dandelion-like to 2D side-by-side alignment, 3D rectangular grid and 1D bunchy-like, separately. The self-assembly behavior under different solvents and substrates was investigated. （001） crystal planes orientated and locally aligned VO₂ nanorods films are assembled by Langmuir-Blodgett （LB） technique. The Langmuir film behavior was revealed based on the analysis ofπ-A curve, morphology and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the magnetism property study demonstrated that the LB film of VO₂ nanorods is paramagnetism.更多还原