【作者】 陶秀；

【导师】 严新平；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 船舶燃油消耗是航运企业最主要成本之一,特别是近年来世界原油市场价格上涨,船东及租船人对燃油费用越来越关注。由于管理需要,船舶要定期向航运公司报告存油量和消耗油量,但受人为因素影响,有时会出现少测量或不测量而结算,或故意多报、少报等做法。船舶油耗如果人为进行测定,既不能保证数据的实时性,也不能确保数据的精确性。本文首先分析了国内外远程抄表现状及船舶柴油机仪表现状,以船舶柴油机油耗为监测对象,开发了船舶燃油消耗状况实时远程监测系统。它以单片机AT89S52为核心,采集显示柴油机的燃油消耗量、测量次数、测量时间等参数,并将这些数据通过GSM短信模块发送到岸上的船舶管理公司,及时上报船舶燃油消耗状况,实现油耗的自动测量和远程监控。论文重点研究了船舶燃油消耗状况实时远程监测系统的硬件结构和软件流程。硬件部分具体分析了油耗传感器的选用、频率采集电路、模拟量处理电路、A/D转换、存储电路、单片机及外围电路、按键、显示电路和通讯接口电路。由于需要采集多个柴油机的燃油消耗参数,在硬件设计中采用模拟开关对采集通道进行切换。完成了系统硬件电路焊接、调试,主要硬件电路模块的原理图和PCB板设计。软件部分介绍了船舶燃油消耗状况实时远程监测系统的软件设计,包括主程序流程图、数据采集、按键、显示、存储、短信发送的程序设计,为了缩短开发周期,采用专门的GSM Modern来完成油耗的小流量数据传输,设计开发了船岸通信软件,实现了船岸数据传输和共享。由于船舶柴油机工作环境恶劣,存在各种干扰。论文提出了提高可靠性和抗干扰能力的措施,主要从硬件和软件两个方面采取措施。硬件抗干扰措施有选择可靠的元器件、屏蔽、印刷电路板设计;软件抗干扰措施有指令冗余、软件陷阱等。最后对系统进行了性能测试,分析了系统试验数据,满足了设计要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fuel consumption is the most important cost of shipping enterprises, especially in recent years. Due to the prices of crude oil rise rapidly, ship-owners and charterers pay more attention on the cost of the ship. Because of management requirement, the consumption of the fuel must be reported to shipping companies regularly. But the measurements of fuel consumption may be inaccurate even without measurement because of the impact of human factors. Therefore if the consumptions of the ship fuel are measured factitiously, the veracity of the real-time data can’t be guaranteed. If the test equipments of fuel are on the part of the installation, the GSM modules are installed on the transmission equipments, then the problems can be solved. The fuel consumption rate is an important technical parameter of diesel engine.In this paper the real-time remote monitoring system of ship fuel consumption, the configuration of hardware and the design of software was introduced, the theory and characteristic also was introduced. Furthermore, the selection of the fuel consumption sensor, the frequency collection circuit, the simulation processing circuit, A/D transmitter, memory circuit, SCM, etc was introduced. The simulated switch was used to switch collection channels in order to collect multiple fuel consumption parameters of diesel engine. The jointing and debugging of circuits, the design of circuit module and PCB were completed. According to practical demand, the right fuel flow-meter was installed on the pipeline of diesel engine, the flow-meter measured the fuel consumption of diesel engine, then exported the pulse signal by the transmitter. The SCM AT89S52 processed the signal and displayed the data, including the time of measurement and the fuel consumption, and the automatic measurement of ship fuel was carried out.Because of the awful condition of ship, the accuracy of the measurement may be influenced. The measure was put forward in order to improve the reliability and the anti-jamming ability of the measurement in this paper. The measure includes two aspects: hardware and software. At last, the performance of the system was tested, the result meet the requirement.更多还原