【作者】 顾建琴；

【导师】 胡赤军；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 19世纪后期,英、俄出于扩张需要,在中国新疆地区展开了激烈的争夺,中、英、俄三方都想争得帕米尔地区,由此导致了所谓的帕米尔问题。作为中西交通的咽喉要地,帕米尔具有重要的战略地位,一方面它是英国保障独占印度的屏藩;另一方面它又是俄国冲击英国的跳板。从19世纪60年代起,英、俄双方就在新疆地区展开了激烈的争夺。1865年新疆发生叛乱,英俄双方趁机侵占了帕米尔许多要地。1873年英、俄又签订了有关帕米尔地区势力瓜分的协议。1877年清政府收复新疆,但此协议随着而被打破。进入90代以后,英、俄在帕米尔地区的争夺进入了白热化阶段,并最终在1895年擅自划分了各自在帕米尔地区的势力范围。面对英俄在帕米尔地区的争夺,清政府也意识到了帕米尔地区局势的严重性,因此积极同英俄展开外交谈判,但清政府从一开始就没有清醒有力的解决这个问题。尽管付出了一定努力,但最终还是以失败告终。本文试图从清政府与英俄的谈判中解析清政府在帕米尔问题的态度以及采取的对策,得出其经验教训;同时揭示英、俄在帕米尔地区的争夺中的帝国主义本性。为了全面了解和认识清政府在新疆和帕米尔地区一向政策和立场,本文还回顾了以往清政府对新疆的治理和有关措施。关于帕米尔问题的谈判,前后历时四年多,反映了英、俄在西北边疆用明暗二手、武力威胁和欺骗种种手段达到目的的卑鄙伎俩,最后双方以牺牲中国利益来实现短暂的“和平”。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the needings of expansion in chinese xinjiang region, the UK and Russia engaged in a fierce competition in the late 19th century, and these three countries all wanted to own the pamir area, which causes the pamir problems. As throat of chinese and western traffic, the pamir has an important strategic position, on the one hand, it is the exclusive protection of the UK to occupy Indian, on the other hand, it is also a springbroad for Russia impact on the United kingdom. The UK and Russia engaged in a fierce competition in xinjiang region from the 1860s. They seiced the chance to invade the multi-important places in the pamir during the rebellion of xinjiang in 1865. In 1873, the UK and Russia made an agreement on carving up the sphere of influence in the district of the pamir. However, Qing government recovered xinjiang in 1877, and made the agreement broken. After 1890s, the fight for the pamirs between the UK and Russia had become white-hot, and determined their own sphere of influence in the disdrict of the pamirs in 1895 finally.Facing the UK and Russia in Pamir area’s contention, the Qing government has also realized Pamirarea situation gravity,therefore launches the diplomatic negotiation positively with Britain and Russia, but the Qing government does not have sober powerful solution this question from the very beginning. Although has made certain effort, it is defeated finally comes to an end. This article attempts from the Qing government and in the UK and Russia’s negotiations analyzes the Qing government the countermeasure which as well as adopts in Pamir question’s manner, obtains its experience; Simultaneously promulgates the UK, Russia to compete for in Pamir area the imperialism natural disposition.For the thorough understanding and knew that the Qing government in Xinjiang and Pamir area always policy and the standpoint, this article also reviewed formerly the Qing government to Xinjiang’s government and the related measure. About Pamir question’s negotiations, around the lasted more than four years, had reflected the UK, Russia in the northwest border area with the light and shade second-hand, the threat in force and deceive all sorts of methods to serve the purpose the mean trick, finally both sides sacrifice the Chinese benefit to realize“peace”short.更多还原