【作者】 孙瑞婕；

【导师】 陆静梅；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 植物学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用石蜡切片、木材徒手制片、木材离析以及叶表皮剥离等技术并配合光学显微技术对长春同种生态环境生长的两种同科同属相似植物—稠李(Prunus padus L.)、山桃稠李(Prunus dauidiana(Carr.)Franch)进行了比较解剖结构研究。结果表明两种植物虽然外形相似程度颇高,但其内部结构存在较多差异。稠李仅在叶片主脉处发现有表皮毛存在,在叶、叶柄、茎的解剖结构中均有较多蛋白颗粒存在,叶片栅栏组织多为两层,排列多较为紧密,占叶片厚度的一半以上,其海绵组织中还可观察到较多蛋白颗粒组成的环状结构。山桃稠李在叶、叶柄、茎三个部位的解剖结构的表皮处衍生出较多的表皮毛结构,其叶片栅栏组织多为单层,排列较松散,占叶片厚度的一半左右,海绵组织排列极为松散,内含物较少。稠李木材材料虽然形成了带状排列的管腔较大的早材和管腔相对小的晚材,但因早、晚材管径变化不明显,仍然其为散孔材。而山桃稠李的木材结构则为典型的散孔材。稠李射线多为由方形细胞构成的单列射线,且细胞较高,多列射线较少,所以较为原始;山桃稠李弦切面中单列射线与多列射线数量相当,射线多由横卧细胞构成,同时射线的高度缩短。比较两种供试材料的导管分子的形态,山桃稠李只有单穿孔板,而稠李除具有单穿孔板外,还具有少量的复穿孔板。稠李导管分子较长,端壁倾斜角度较大,且一端具长尾,主要为孔纹导管;山桃稠李导管分子较短,端壁倾斜角度变小,导管主要为孔纹。从实验的结果可以得出如下的结论:稠李具有原始的特征,山桃稠李具有进化的特征,所以供试的两种相似植物的演化趋势是:稠李(原始)→山桃稠李(进化)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Paraffin-section technique,free hand section,wood maceration,epidermis maceration and light microscopy were used to study comparative anatomical structure for Prunus padus Land Prunus dauidiana(Carr.)Franch in Changchun.The results show that although these plants have similar external forms,their internal structrues are very different.Many protein grains are found in the dissection structure of leaf,leafstalk and culm of Prunus padus L..Palisade tissue in leaf,which amount to more than half of the stature of leafare always,of two layers and array closely.Many annuli constituted with numerous protein grains are observed in the spongy tissue of Prunus padus L..Numerous coat fuzz structures dirived from scarfskin are found in the leaf,leafstalk and stum in Prunus dauidiana(Carr.)Franch.The palisade tissue tends to be of one layer and arrays incompactly, and the stature is about half of that of leaf.Spongy tissue of Prunus dauidiana(Carr.)Franch arrays loosely with little contents.The timber material of Prunus padus L.can be divided into springwood with large lumens arraying barredly and summerwood with small lumens arraying barredly,but for the little differences in the caliber,it is still be diffuse porous wood.The timber configuration of Prunus dauidiana(Carr.)Franch is of typically diffuse porous wood.The rays of Prunus padus L.mostly are uniseriate rays composed with square high altitude cell,and there are little multiseriate rays,so Chouli timber is original.The amount of uniseriate rays and multiseriate rays are almost equal in cross section of Prunus dauidiana(Carr.)Franch timber, and those rays are composed of recumbent cells,and meantime the altitude of the rays become shot.Compared with configuration of vessel element of two study materials,Prunus dauidiana(Carr)Franch is only with simple perforation plates,and there are not only simple perforation plates but also a little multi-perforation plates.Vessel elements in Prunus padus L.are longer,and the draw of end wall is larger,and tends to be a long tail in one end mainly composed of pitted vessels.Vessel elements in Prunus dauidiana(Carr.)Franch, mainly composed of pitted vessels,are shorter and the draw of end wall is smaller.A conclusion can be drawn from above discussion that the evolution direction of the two similar plants is from original Prunus padus L.to evolutive Prunus dauidiana (Carr.)Franch.更多还原