产业集群的形成与升级研究

【作者】 孙鹏；

【导师】 杨建文；

【作者基本信息】 上海社会科学院 ， 区域经济学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 产业集群能够为地区经济带来持续竞争优势的经济现象吸引了众多学者的关注,对产业集群理论的研究不断深入。迄今为止,国内外学者对产业集群理论的研究涵盖了产业集群概念、产业集群成因、产业集群特性、产业集群竞争力、产业集群分类等领域,产业集群理论已经成为经济学和管理学的重要分支。随着经济的发展和经济全球化进程的加速,原有产业集群的发展方式,包括集群企业的生存基础、行为特征及其所依托的“网络平台”变得越来越不适应。我们的许多集群企业正不断的被推向全球化视野下价值链的低端,以低成本劳动力和粗放式资源消耗作为自己的生存基础。原来的发展模式所产生的“拥挤成本”和企业经营理念、创新模式的相对“锁定”和“依赖”等,都极大的削弱了产业集群的竞争力。如何改变长期沿袭下的相对落后的集群发展模式,如何创建和培育产业集群高级化演进所需的核心要素,如何通过产业升级来保持集群长期的竞争优势。这一系列的问题都使得集群的升级研究成为一个迫切的、具有现实意义的课题。本文对产业集群形成、发展、衰退的内在机制以及发展轨迹进行了详细的分析,并由此引申出了产业集群升级的相关问题。通过优化现有集群网络,将其升级为一种集群的创新网络系统,从而克服由于集群网络低效产生的集群衰退风险。产业集群的起点可能开始于某一“历史事件”的偶然,但是由于其自身强化机制的存在,使得集群不断的发展壮大。随着集群进入成熟期,其外部经济与空间交易成本的优势逐渐丧失,此时学习与创新变得尤为重要。集群网络中的创新能够有效的克服“路径依赖”所造成的集群弊端,它是实现集群升级的核心源泉。同时,集群创新网络的形成对产业集群内部形成优势互补、降低企业创新成本与风险、增强集体学习机制、赋予产业集群创新活力起到了积极作用,它使产业集群具备了长期的竞争优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 The gathering of industries have attracted much scholastic intention for the persisting competitive advantage brought by them,and the academic research about gathering of industries are also going on and on.Till now,the academic research in foreign countries includes the conception,cause of formation,characteristics,competition,and classification of the gathering of industries.The theories of gathering of industries have become one important branch of economics and administrations.With economic development and the process of economic globalization speeding up,the development model of existing industrial clusters become out of date.It include enterprise foundation for the existence,behavior characteristics and the "network platform" of clusters.Many of enterprises of our clusters are constantly being pushed the low-end value chain of globalization.The original model of development had a "congestion costs" and relative "locks" and "dependencies" of business concepts and innovative models.All these have greatly undermined the competitiveness of industrial clusters.How to change the relative backwardness of the cluster development model inherited?How to create and foster the core elements of the industrial clusters to evolve?How to maintain long-term competitive advantage of industry clusters from upgrading?A series of problems have made the upgrade research of industry clusters become a project of great emergency and practical significance.In this thesis I analyze the internal formation and recession mechanism of industry clusters in detail.From this I extend to the upgrading of industrial clusters. By optimizing existing cluster network,it will upgrade to a cluster of innovative network systems and overcome the risk of recession in clusters due to the cluster network inefficiencies.With the cluster into maturity,the advantage of external economics and transaction costs gradually lose.At the same time,learning and innovation has become particularly important.Innovation networks of clusters can effectively overcome the cluster defects caused by "path dependence".it is the core source of clusters upgrade.Meanwhile,the formation of Cluster Innovation network supply a long-term competitive advantage for industrial clusters.更多还原