上海市不同老年群体居家养老服务需求与对策研究

【作者】 胡娟；

【导师】 周海旺；

【作者基本信息】 上海社会科学院 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 人口老龄化是当今全球面临的共性问题。伴随着我国老龄人口的增长,现有的政治、经济、社会以及人民生活等各个方面都将受到一定程度的影响。如何才能真正实现老有所养,成了我们急需解决的问题。从我国的实际出发,在借鉴西方国家养老经验的基础上,我国学者提出了一种新的养老方式——居家养老。这种养老方式在家庭和社会之间找到了较好的平衡点,符合社会发展的趋势,得到了社会各界的广泛关注和认可,许多学者对此展开了深入的研究。就目前来讲,现有研究主要是分析了居家养老的优点、在我国实行的必要性、现实性以及目前所存在的问题及相应对策和措施等,而通过对不同老年群体的比较来探索分析居家养老服务需求的共性与差异性的较少,而且相关的实证性研究也极少。因此,本研究就是为了弥补这方面的不足。本文共分为七章。第一章主要提出研究的必要性,文献回顾以及研究的主要目的、逻辑结构和研究方法。第二章是上海市老年人居家养老服务需求的现状与影响因素分析。第三章是上海市不同老年群体居家养老服务需求的比较分析。第四章是主要研究发现与结论。第五章发达国家或地区的养老服务经验和借鉴。第六章改进不同老年群体居家养老服务的对策与建议。第七章是本文的创新和不足。本论文的主要结论如下:1.在上海市现有社区中,居家养老服务项目的普及率、使用率均不高。其中主要原因之一就是社区未能根据不同老年群体的需求特征进行相关服务的提供。2.职业、性别、收入、生活自理能力这四个个体特征对上海市老年人居家养老服务需求影响显著。3.分类比较结果表明上海市不同老年群体在居家养老服务需求上存在共性也存在差异性:1)共性:老有所医的需求在群体间具有普遍性。老年人对社区医疗服务的需求不受分类标准、群体差异的影响。2)差异性:在职业分类标准下,老年干部群体对“精神文化类”服务需求迫切;老年知识分子群体对社会参与表现的极为热情,他们希望社区能提供就业服务、提供社会参与平台;老年工人、农民群体在基本医疗、日常生活照料需求之外,对“法律服务类”需求上升。在性别分类标准下,老年妇女群体对“护理、保健类”和“应急呼叫类”服务需求较大。相对于老年妇女而言,老年男性群体对“家政服务类”、“托老服务类”的需求较高。在收入分类标准下,群体之间的主要差异表现在对服务收费的要求上。低收入老年群体希望社区所提供的服务尽可能廉价或免费;一般收入群体希望社区能采用补偿的收费形式,让政府给予补贴;而富裕老年群体对收费标准没有较大的敏感性,他们则希望社区能提供符合自己要求的个性化、高质量的服务。在自理能力的分类标准下,那些生活不能完全自理的老年人对居家养老服务需求最大、最广。他们面临的困难最多,他们希望社会、社区给予更多的关心和帮助。同时如何解决这类群体的养老问题将成为我们最大的挑战!本文的创新之处在于将老年群体划分为不同的类别,在此基础上分析了不同老年群体在居家养老服务需求上的共性和差异性,使得社区服务项目的开展更具有针对性。本文的主要不足在于对研究现象的深层原因缺乏探讨!更多还原

【Abstract】 Population aging has been a global phenomenon today. Accompany with the growth of the elderly, existing politics、economy、society etc. Each aspect all will be under the influence of certain degree. How can we deal with this problem and take care of the elderly, become an urgently problem needed to be resolved. From the practice of our country and draw lessons from the western countries, the scholars in our country put forward a new kind of mode to support the elderly——“Housing Supporting”. This kind of mode found out a better balance point between the family and the society. It is match the trend of the social development, getting the extensive concern of the public. Many scholars launched a thorough research to this mode. Speak currently, existing researches mainly concern on the advantage、the practice、the problems and the suggestions of this mode. The demand of the elderly in the housing supporting service has its unique characteristic, which means different groups put up different demand in service. And the related substantial evidence study also rare. Therefore, this research will make up the shortage of that aspect!This thesis consists of seven parts. The first chapter is introduction. It shows the necessity of this research, the background, literature review, main objects, framework and methodology. The second chapter analyzes the present condition of the housing supporting service of the elderly in Shanghai, and this chapter also analyzes the influence factors. The third chapter analyzes the common character and the differences of the service demand of the elderly in Shanghai. The fourth chapter is the main research discovery and conclusion. The fifth chapter is the developed country or the local retirement service experiences and uses for reference The sixth chapter puts forward some suggestions and measures. The last chapter points out some creative aspects and weak points of this study.The conclusions are as follows:1. We find that the condition of the housing supporting service for the elderly is not good in Shanghai. The ratio of the popularity and the usage of the housing supporting service are not high. One of the main reasons is the community can not offer the housing supporting service for the elderly accord to the demand character of different group.2. The four individual characteristic: occupation、sex、income、the ability to take care of oneself have great influence on the demand of the housing supporting service in Shanghai. These factors are significant.3. The classification comparison finds out there are common and different character in the demand of the housing supporting service of the elderly in Shanghai:1) The common character: All the elderly have the demand in medical care. And this demand is free from the classification standard and the influence of the community difference.2) The difference:Under the occupation categorize standard, the cadre group have an urgent demand in“spirit cultural service”; the intellectual group have an urgent to participate in the society, they hope the community can provide the employment service and offer a platform for their participation; the old worker and the farmer group look after a basic medical treatment and the daily life guarantee, beside these they also have great demand in“the law service”.Under the sex categorize standard, the old female group have great demand in“nursing、health care service”and“emergence calling service”. Compare with the old female group, the old male group have more need in“husbandry service”and“take care of the elderly service”.Under the income categorize standard, the main difference is the charge for the housing supporting service. For the poor group, they hope the service of the community is cheap or free. For the general income group, they hope the government gives some subsidy for the service. For the wealthy group, they don’t care much about the price of the housing supporting service, they just hope the community can provide some good services, which can meet the need of the elderly and have a high quality.Under the ability to take care of oneself categorize standard, those ole people who can’t take care of themselves need much more help. They have the greatest and the widest demand in housing supporting service. They hope the society and the community can pay more attention to them. How to take care of them will become the biggest challenge for us in the future!The creative aspects lie in that we divide the whole elderly into different group, and base on this foundation, we compared the common character and the difference between the groups. In that way, the community will provide better service. The biggest shortage of this thesis is we didn’t study the deep reason of the phenomenon!更多还原