【作者】 高海；

【导师】 冯立昇；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 科学技术史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 1840年的中英鸦片战争,使封闭落后的中国社会发生了许多重大变化,伴随着帝国主义的坚船利炮,西方的科学技术也传入了中国。通过鸦片战争,中国人逐步认识到自己的落后和学习西方科学的必要性。在这个时候人们为了救亡图存,进行了一场声势浩大的洋务运动。在学习西方先进科学技术时,科技期刊起了重要的作用。1876在上海出版了中国第一份科学期刊《格致汇编》,其主编是当时赫赫有名的英国学者傅兰雅。傅兰雅致力于在中国传播西方科学技术知识,希望中国能够“广兴格致,至中西一辙耳”。《格致汇编》在普及科技知识、传播科学精神方面具有不可抹杀的作用。傅兰雅通过《格致汇编》将物理方面的知识,普及推广到广大读者中,开创了我国普及科技及物理知识的先河。目前尚未发现有人对《格致汇编》中的物理学知识进行过系统的整理和研究。本文以《格致汇编》中的物理学内容为研究对象,从以下三个方面进行研究:一、对《格致汇编》的创刊背景、缘由、主编及其他编辑的情况、主要内容、与《中西闻见录》的关系、以及几次停刊的原因,在前人研究的基础上进行归纳总结,并提出自己的观点。二、首次对《格致汇编》中与物理学相关的知识进行了系统的分析整理。在物理学方面,《格致汇编》分别说明了物质形态、物质运动、万有引力等知识,主要解释了电学原理,光学原理,还介绍了与物理学相关的一些机械设备。特别是首次集中的对科学仪器的用途、操作、价格进行了说明,推动了我国实验科学及物理学的发展。三、对《格致汇编》对清末物理学在大众传播中的影响、对物理学教育和近代科技期刊的影响分别进行了说明。《格致汇编》在清末的影响是巨大的,这主要是因为期刊传播的范围广阔、具有极强的时效性和针对性。本文通过对《格致汇编》中物理学内容的全面研究,可以看出物理学知识在整个内容中所占比例颇大,因此物理学内容在整个期刊中的地位不容忽视。《格致汇编》的语言浅显易懂,并且图文并茂,易于被广大读者接受。文中有意识地介绍科学基础知识、提高了普通民众的科学素养。《格致汇编》传播的这些科技知识确实对中国人具有科学启蒙的作用,它在潜移默化中影响和改变了部分中国知识分子的观念和思想。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Sino-British Opium War in 1840 caused the backward China society to have many tremendous changes. Western science and technology was also spreaded to China accompanied with the formidable imperialistic ships and artilleries. Through the War, the Chinese people gradually realized its own backwardness and the need to study western science. People at this time in order to save the nation survival, had carried on a massive Westernization Movement. While learning western advanced science and technology, the technical periodical played the vital role. In 1876, the Chinese first scientific journal the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine was published in Shanghai, which chief editor was at that time a well-known British scholar Fryer. He devoted to introducing the western scientific and technological knowledge to China, hoping that China can“be popular the literary charm broadly and make the China and the West consistently in science and technology”. The Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine had the function which cannot be written off in the popularization scientific knowledge and the dissemination spirit of science aspect. Through it, Fryer popularized the physical aspect’s knowledge to the immensity reading public and founded the beginning of our country popularization science and technology and the physical knowledge. At present there still had not discovered that some people had the systematical studies on physical content in the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine. So this article took the physics content in the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine as the objects of study, conducting the research from the following three aspects:First, on the basis of previous studies, this article concluded and summarized the opening background, the reason, chief editor and other editor’s situation, the primary coverage, the relations with the Peking Magazine, as well as the reasons of several suspension, at the same time put forward my own viewpoint. Second, for the first time the author carried on systemic analysis reorganization to the knowledge related with physics in the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine. In the physics aspect, it showed separately the knowledge of material shape, motion of matter, gravitation and so on, mainly explained the electricity principle, optics principle, but also introduced some mechanical devices related with the physics. Specially it for the first time concentrated to explain the scientific instrument’s use, the operation and the price, which promoted our country’s scientific experments and physics development.Third, the auther separately explained the influence of the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine to the late Qing Dynasty in physics in mass media dissemination, to the physics education and the modern science and technology periodical. The Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine had huge impact in the late Qing Dynasty, largely because the periodical disseminationed broadly and had strengthened effectiveness and purpose.Through comprehensive studied physics contents in the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine, we may see the physics knowledge accounted for large proportion in the entire content, therefore the physics content in the entire periodical’s status should not be overlooked. In the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine the language is simple to understand, and is abundant and elegant, so it is easy accepted by the reading public. The article introduced consciously the scientific elementary knowledge and improved the ordinary populace’s scientific quality. The Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine disseminated these new, rich scientific and technological knowledge which had the scientific initiation function truly to the Chinese, which affected and changed the part China intellectual’s idea and thought imperceptibly.更多还原